Tag: Freshwater Fish Profiles

15 Aquarium Fish That Start With M (Species Guide)
If you’re searching for a specific species and can only remember that it starts with M, this list should help narrow it down. M covers some genuinely great aquarium fish. mollies, moonfish, mudskippers. and a few that surprise people when they realize how many options there are. I’ve kept mollies and a few others on this list over the years. Use this as a quick reference to find what you’re looking for.
Key Takeaways
- There are many fish that start with M, but not a lot of them are available in the aquarium hobby.
- Two of the most popular fish names that start with M are mollies and minnows.
- Not all fish that start with M can be kept in a fish tank due to size, aggression, or other factors, like endangered status.
- If you’re stuck deciding what kind of fish to get next, then the letter M might offer some new ideas!
Fish That Start With M

1. Molly Fish
- Scientific Name: Poecilia sphenops, P. latipinna, P. velifera, etc.
- Fish Family: Poeciliidae
- Water Type: Freshwater, brackish water, saltwater
- Temperament: Peaceful, but active
- Care Level: Moderate
- Size Range: 3-7 inches
- Special Features: Various colors; elongated fins
Mollies are probably the first freshwater fish that comes to mind that starts with the letter M. But did you know that these fish can live in freshwater, saltwater, and brackish water conditions? This means that they can be kept in salinities between 0 to 1.025.

Molly fish come in all shapes and sizes. In fact, many species of molly fall under the Poecilia genus. Apart from coming in almost every color imaginable, there are several distinct species of molly available:
- Giant sailfin molly (Poecilia velifera) – These mollies have exceptionally long dorsal and caudal fins. They often have a natural speckled pattern with some splashes of orange and blue. Giant sailfins are also one of the biggest species of molly available.
- Balloon molly (Poecilia latipinna hybrid) – A selectively bred species with an overly inflated belly. Balloon mollies come in almost all colors.
- Lyretail molly (Poecilia latipinna hybrid) – Another selectively bred molly, lyretails have decorative tail fins. They also come in the most popular colors.
Mollies are easy to find and easy to keep. They need at least a 15 gallon tank, though their active behaviors are better seen in a 20 gallon setup. Though some hobbyists have success keeping these fish alone, it is often recommended to keep them in small groups or larger schools.

2. Malawi Golden Cichlid
- Scientific Name: Melanochromis auratus
- Fish Family: Cichlidae
- Water Type: Freshwater
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Care Level: Moderate to expert
- Size Range: 5 inches
- Special Features: Bright colors; highly aggressive
Many popular species of African cichlids come from Lake Malawi, though the Malawi golden cichlid, or auratus cichlid, isn’t usually on that list. This is because the Malawi golden cichlid is one of the most aggressive mbuna and is usually only kept in 55 gallon or more fish tanks by themselves.

That’s right. These fish are so aggressive that they are best kept alone.

This extreme aggression is especially troubling during breeding periods, making pairing these fish with other mbuna species or each other nearly impossible. Because of this, this cichlid species is difficult to keep, though well worth it for their bright yellow and black striped pattern.

3. Midas Cichlid
- Scientific Name: Amphilophus citrinellus
- Fish Family: Cichlidae
- Water Type: Freshwater
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Care Level: Moderate
- Size Range: 10-14 inches
- Special Features: Nuchal hump
A much more approachable species of freshwater cichlid to keep is the Midas cichlid. Though larger than most other species of Central American cichlid, the Midas cichlid has nearly twice the personality.

These orangey-yellow freshwater fish require at least a 75 gallon aquarium, with more space allowing for additional species similar in size and temperament. It’s also important to note that male Midas cichlids have especially pronounced nuchal humps. The water line should be lowered a few inches from the top of the tank cover to prevent injury.

These fish should not be confused with the red devil cichlid (Amphilophus labiatus).

4. Moonlight Gourami
- Scientific Name: Trichopodus microlepis
- Fish Family: Osphronemidae
- Water Type: Freshwater
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Care Level: Moderate
- Size Range: 4-6 inches
- Special Features: Silver shine
The moonlight gourami, also known as the moonbean gourami, is a less commonly known fish species that starts with M. These fish are a reflective silver which can shine blue or green depending on the lighting and angle.

This is one of the larger aquarium gourami species available, but they are fully compatible with each other and community tank species. Alone, they can be kept in a 20 gallon aquarium. With more fish, it’s recommended to have at least a 40 gallon or more aquarium. Moonlight gouramis also have longer feelers than other gouramis, so it’s best to avoid keeping them with fin nippers and powerful filtration.

5. Marbled Bichir
- Scientific Name: Polypterus polli
- Fish Family: Polypteridae
- Water Type: Freshwater
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Care Level: Moderate
- Size Range: 11-13 inches
- Special Features: Upper jaw group
Bichir are great freshwater fish if you have room for them (video from Imperial Tropicals). The marbled bichir is one of the smaller species of bichir available, staying around about a foot long at full length, but still requires at least 125 gallons or more. This, in addition to their carnivorous diet, makes these fish best kept in a species-only or predatory tank.

The marbled bichir originates from shallow regions of the Congo River in Africa. They are members of the upper jaw group, meaning that their upper jaw is longer than their lower jaw. While these fish are generally easy to keep, a tight-fitting aquarium lid should be used at all times.

6. Mickey Mouse Platy
- Scientific Name: Xiphophorus maculatus
- Fish Family: Poeciliidae
- Water Type: Freshwater
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Care Level: Easy
- Size Range: 2-3 inches
- Special Features: Mickey Mouse patterning
The Mickey Mouse platy (video source) is a selectively-bred variety of platy that features a fun Mickey Mouse design. These fish have a large black spot at the base of their tails, with two smaller black dots on either side of the tail. Together, this makes up Mickey’s head and ears.

Fun and easy to keep, the Mickey Mouse platy is a good freshwater fish for hobbyists looking for more intentional patterns in their aquarium. As with almost all livebearers, these platies will easily breed, which could possibly lead to overpopulation. While a 10 gallon tank size is recommended, they will often out-populate an aquarium that size.

7. Marbled Hatchetfish
- Scientific Name: Carnegiella strigata
- Fish Family: Gasteropelecidae
- Water Type: Freshwater
- Temperament: Peaceful, but timid
- Care Level: Moderate
- Size Range: 1-2 inches
- Special Features: Natural coloring
The marbled hatchetfish is a great fish species for hobbyists looking to create a natural tank inspired by South America. Unlike their shiny distant relatives, the silver hatchetfish (Gasteropelecus sternicla), the marbled hatchetfish is perfectly camouflaged with tan and dark brown striping and feels most comfortable in a heavily planted aquarium.

While active swimmers at the top of the aquarium, these small fish need plenty of places to hide and swim, so a 20 gallon aquarium is recommended for a group of 6 or more. As they are timid, a tight-fitting aquarium hood must also be used.

8. Mosaic Gourami
- Scientific Name: Trichopodus leerii
- Fish Family: Osphronemidae
- Water Type: Freshwater
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Care Level: Moderate
- Size Range: 4-5 inches
- Special Features: Irridescent spots
More commonly known as the pearl gourami, the mosaic gourami is named after the many small iridescent spots that cover its body. These moderately sized fish stay toward the aquarium’s upper portions.

Though not overly active, these fish enjoy having a lot of space to explore and need at least a 30 or 40 gallon setup. Mosaic gourami also enjoy heavily planted aquariums with calmer tank mates.

9. Moss Barb
- Scientific Name: Puntius tetrazona
- Fish Family: Cyprinidae
- Water Type: Freshwater
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Care Level: Easy
- Size Range: 2-3 inches
- Special Features: Varying shades of green
For one reason or another, these fish known from its common name tiger barbs have lost their popularity over the years. In some cases, temperaments can greatly vary between individuals which can make grouping and pairing with other tank mates difficult. However, the moss barb offers fluorescent shades of light to dark green that can’t be found in other species.

That being said, variation in temperaments can still be a problem with moss barbs. They are also active fish that need to be kept in schools in a 30 or 40 gallon aquarium.

10. Magnificent Rasbora
- Scientific Name: Rasbora borapetensis
- Fish Family: Cyprinidae
- Water Type: Freshwater
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Care Level: Easy
- Size Range: 2-3 inches
- Special Features: Neon yellow line; tight schooling
More commonly known as the red-tailed rasbora, the magnificent rasbora is a fascinating fish that might take some time to take on its true colors. These fish are initially plain-looking, especially if they’re washed out due to stress from temporary housing and poor diet. At full brilliance, the magnificent rasbora takes on a solid silver appearance with a bright neon midlateral line, underlined by a thicker black line. There is a splash of reddish-orange at the base of the tail.

The magnificent rasbora (video source) is relatively easy to care for and recommended for beginner hobbyists. They need a school of at least 6 or more and will demonstrate tight schooling behaviors. Their minimum tank size recommended is 10 gallons.

11. Minnows
- Fish Superfamily: Cyprinoidea
- Water Type: Freshwater
- Temperament: Peaceful, usually active
- Care Level: Easy
- Size Range: 1-3 inches
- Special Features: Effective mosquito control; adaptable to varying water temperatures
Have you ever seen tiny fish at the surface of freshwater rivers or streams? More than likely, these were a type of freshwater minnow. The term minnow is a very general name for many species, some of which have been brought into the aquarium and pond hobbies.

Some of the most well-known species of minnow are:
- Zebra danios (Danio rerio)
- White cloud mountain minnows (Tanichthys albonubes)
- Rosy red minnows (Pimephales promelas)
Most species of minnow prefer cooler temperatures but can be slowly acclimated to more tropical settings. In the wild, minnows are an important part of the food chain and can help moderate pest populations by eating mosquito larvae and adult insects.

12. Marlboro Discus
- Scientific Name: Symphysodon spp.
- Fish Family: Cichlidae
- Water Type: Freshwater
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Care Level: Moderate to expert
- Size Range: 6-10 inches
- Special Features: Bright red, black, and yellowish-white coloration
The Marlboro discus is probably one of the most desirable freshwater fish beginning with M. This is a variety of discus with a bright red body, yellowish-white face, and contrasting black tail.

As a species of discus, these fish should only be kept by experienced hobbyists in 55 gallon or more aquariums. They can be difficult to feed, require a certain diet, and need excellent water quality. So much so that some hobbyists find themselves having to perform large water changes daily. On the other hand, some discus keepers find that they are much more hardy fish than we give them credit for.

13. Marine Betta
- Scientific Name: Calloplesiops altivelis
- Fish Family: Plesiopidae
- Water Type: Saltwater
- Temperament: Peaceful, but predatory
- Care Level: Moderate
- Size Range: 8-10 inches
- Special Features: Contrasting spots; nocturnal
The marine betta is not related to the freshwater Betta splendens. Instead, this is a saltwater fish that thrives in rocky reefs. This fish is a predator by nature that waits for small fish and invertebrates to pass by. The eye spot on the tail is used to confuse fish as it looks like the face of a moray eel.

While the marine betta can’t be kept with small fish or invertebrates, they do well in a full reef setup of at least 55 gallons or more with larger species. It should be noted that marine bettas are nocturnal fish, so they might not be the most present fish in the aquarium display.

14. Marine Angelfish
- Fish Family: Pomacanthidae
- Water Type: Saltwater
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive; not reef-safe
- Care Level: Moderate
- Size Range: 8-12 inches on average
- Special Features: Bright colors; large bodies
Marine angelfish are some of the most coveted saltwater fish in all of the aquarium hobby. These are large, colorful fish that swim in and around reef structures throughout the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. There are many species of angelfish available, with some being small enough to keep in nano setups under 40 gallons.

Here are some of the most well-known species of marine angelfish available:
- Coral beauty angelfish (Centropyge bispinosa)
- Flame angelfish (Centropyge loricula)
- Emperor angelfish (Pomacanthus imperator)
- Bicolor angelfish (Centropyge bicolor)
- Koran angelfish (Pomacanthus semicirculatus)
Despite the varying species, each angel behaves in a similar way. These are relatively active fish that will weave in and out of the rockwork looking for something to eat. Though some species might be labeled as being reef-friendly, we don’t recommend putting any species of angelfish in along with corals that you wouldn’t want to be eaten as there is always a risk.

15. Moray Eel
- Fish Family: Muraenidae
- Water Type: Saltwater
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive to aggressive
- Care Level: Moderate
- Size Range: 3-6 feet on average
- Special Features: Pharyngeal teeth
If you have a large predatory saltwater fish tank, then the only thing that might be missing from your display is an eel. Moray eels are some of the most well-known saltwater fish beginning with M, though most people wouldn’t consider them to be fish.

Believe it or not, there are a handful of moray eels that can be purchased for the aquarium. Of course, these are large fish that need large tanks, though some of the smaller species can comfortably be kept in a 55 gallon setup.

Here are some of the most popular types of moray eel available:
- Snowflake eel (Echidna nebulosa)
- Tessalata eel (Gymnothorax favagineus)
- Zebra Moray (Gymnomuraena zebra)
- Blue ribbon eel (Rhinomuraena quaesita)
Creatures That Can’t Be Kept In Aquariums

While many aquarium fish start with M, some species are too big or aggressive to be kept in captivity. Here are some of those fish:
1. Mustache Triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens). Also known as the giant triggerfish, the mustache trigger grows to be 30 inches at adult size. In addition to its size, these fish are naturally aggressive and will chase away and attack any fish that enters its territory. The mustache triggerfish has a specialized diet of corals and various invertebrates that help trim its hard beak. All of these factors make this fish difficult to keep in the home aquarium.
2. Mako Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). The mako shark is an apex predator of tropical and subtropical waters. This type of mackerel shark can grow to be 13 feet long and can swim at speeds greater than 30 mph! Due to their high activity, intense carnivore tendencies, and migratory patterns, the mako shark is rarely seen even in the largest public aquariums.
3. Marbled Swamp Eel (Synbranchus marmoratus). The marbled swamp eel is a very long eel, reaching lengths of 60 inches. These fish have pretty specialized habitats and are one of the few fish that can be found ahead of waterfalls. There, they eat tadpoles as well as other fish and amphibians. Like other eels, marbled swamp eels can travel on land.
4. Mexican Golden Trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster). The Mexican golden trout is small enough to be kept in the aquarium, only growing to about 8 or 10 inches. However, these fish originate from very specific freshwater streams in Mexico. There, they are an important commercial fishery species for local people. Luckily, they have been named as a vulnerable species and efforts are being made to protect their limited natural range.
5. Mud Catfish (Pylodictis olivaris). Also known as the flathead catfish, mud catfish live in freshwater and brackish water conditions. These fish grow over 60 inches and feed on a variety of prey, including other fish, invertebrates, and insects. Mud catfish are regularly fished and eaten. Public aquariums with large tanks often keep them on display.
6. Manta Ray (Manta sp.). Some of the most elegant fish in all of the world’s oceans, the term manta ray refers to a scientific group of marine rays. These rays can be 30 feet in length and rely on zooplankton, krill, and other microscopic organisms!
Other fish that can’t be kept in the home aquarium are mahi mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), also known as dolphinfish, mangrove red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus), and murray cod (Maccullochella peelii).

Other Honorable Mentions

Here are fish that we run out of space for that you may have heard about
- Millions fish (AKA Guppies)
- Malawi Blue Dolphin
- Mail Cheeked Fish
- Bait Fish
- Mexican Tetra
- Megamouth Shark
- Man Of War Fish
- Midshipman Fish
Other Lists

Looking for other fish that start with other letters of the alphabet? Check out the other posts below:
- Fish that start with S
- Fish that start with P
- Start that start with B
FAQ

What are predatory fish that start with M?

There are many predatory fish that start with M, but the most fearsome is probably a type of mackerel shark, called the mako. Mako sharks are apex predators that are experts at hunting so much so that they have started to outcompete some larger shark species, like the great white.

What are fish that start with M?

There are many fish names that begin with the letter M, however, not many are seen in the aquarium hobby. Many popular game fish and other large species begin with the letter M, but cannot be kept in the home aquarium due to size, aggression, or other environmental factors.

What interesting fish start with M?

While all the fish on this list are interesting, one of the most interesting to look at is the marbled sleeper goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata). These fish are one the largest goby fish known and can grow to be over 2 feet long. Their appearance is that of a goby mixed with a larger, more active species covered with natural brown and black swirls. The marbled goby is a very popular food fish throughout Southeast Asia.

Conclusion

Numerous species begin with the letter M, but not every fish is right for the aquarium setting. Luckily, some of the most well-known M fish can be kept in the community tank or reef tank. Before deciding which M fish is right for your tank, make sure to research the species in full!
September 17, 2023
Top 12 Dither Fish for Freshwater Tanks: How to Use Them Right
Dither fish were a concept I applied a lot when I was keeping African cichlids. MBunas especially. Those fish are bold by nature, but even they benefit from active, open-water swimmers that signal the tank is safe. The idea is simple: skittish or territorial fish take behavioral cues from other species. When dither fish are moving freely in open water, it tells your main fish there’s no predator threat. I’ve seen it dramatically reduce hiding and aggression in cichlid tanks. Here are the species that actually work well in that role.
Key Takeaways
- Dither fish provide security and activity to larger, shy fish in aquariums, reducing stress & aggression.
- Livebearers, danios, tetras and more make great additions to any tank for a peaceful environment.
- Feeding tips & alternative methods of reducing stress should also be considered when selecting species for an aquarium setup.
Understanding Them: Their Purpose and Benefits

Without dither inhabitants present in tanks, their passive counterparts usually appear pale colored due to anxiousness along with decreased appetites, which would eventually destabilize the ecosystem balance among individuals belonging to this category that fearfully lurk around habitats without their presence.

Dither Fish Vs. Target Fish

Fish play an important role in creating a healthy aquarium environment, and two particular types. dither fish and target fish, offer unique advantages. Dithers help to reduce stress between multiple occupants as well as act as a decoy for potential predators while inspiring more security among the other tank dwellers.

On the other hand, peaceful or “target” species serve to soften aggression within tanks by redirecting aggression to them (other times, feeder fish are used as target fish). While this may help the territorial or aggressive fish, this is not an ethically sound ideal as the fish targeted will become stressed. This could lead to illness or even death of the fish dude due to constant harassment.

We recommend only using dither fish to bring out fish, not to be used as target species.

The 12 Best Dither Fish For Different Aquarium Setups

A wide variety of fish species is suitable for different kinds of aquariums, each possessing exclusive attributes and advantages. For each species, we will list out the following:
- Scientific name
- Care level
- Minimum tank size
- Temperament
- Adult fish size
- Origin
- Temperature
- pH
- Diet
- Swim Level
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1. Livebearers
- Scientific name: Various
- Care level: Easy
- Minimum tank size: 10 gallons
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Adult fish size: 2.5 inches
- Origin: South and North America
- Temperature: 62. 82 °F
- pH: 6.0. 8.0
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: Top & Mid-water
Livebearers are popular in aquariums, such as guppies and mollies, because they reduce tension between more aggressive species. They give birth to live young instead of laying eggs and will happily breed inside your aquarium. These creatures require minimal maintenance, making them perfect for any watery habitat Plus, their active swimming creates an attractive atmosphere due to their colors and good temperaments..

Livebearers include the following species from smallest to largest. You can purchase the species that best fits your tank size:
- Endler’s Livebearers
- Guppy Fish
- Platy Fish
- Swordtails
- Mollies
2. Danio Fish
- Scientific name: Danio spp
- Care level: Easy
- Minimum tank size: 10 gallons
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Adult fish size: 1 – 4 inches
- Origin: India mostly
- Temperature: 64. 75 °F
- pH: 6.0. 8.0
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: Top & Mid-water
Danios are perfect for infusing energy into any aquarium. These colorful, peaceful fish flock together and tend to be quite active swimmers, which promotes a more secure environment for shy inhabitants of the tank. Not only do these energetic schooling fish put on an entertaining show inside the aquarium, but they can be mixed with a variety of fish. They are voracious eaters, so keep that in mind if you have slow eating fish. It would be best to feed them separately if your other fish are slower feeding.

3. Tetras

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- Scientific name: Paracheirodon spp
- Care level: Easy to moderate
- Minimum tank size: 10 gallons and up
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Adult fish size: 1 – 3 inches
- Origin: South America mostly
- Temperature: 68. 82 °F
- pH: 6.0. 7.5 usually
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: Top & Mid-water
Tetras are popular schooling fish renowned for their colorful appearances and outstanding abilities as dithers. Their activity encourages shy or timid species to come out of hiding with ease due in part to the peaceful nature of these fish. Tetras school well with each other, with the Rummy Nose being one of the tightest schooling fish available in the hobby. Tetras are considered a top 5 dither fish species (though our list expands to more).

This type of fish is incredibly diverse when it comes to diet – they eat anything from flakes/pellets, live food down to frozen options- which makes them perfect for various freshwater aquarium setups. With their stunning colors and resilience, tetras make a wonderful addition to any tank! They are best in large schools where they will make your other fish feel safe. Here are several tetras that are great choices for a community tank:
- Neon tetras
- Cardinal tetra
- Black neon tetra
- Congo tetra
- Rummy nose tetra
4. Hatchetfish
- Scientific name: Gasteropelecus sternicla
- Care level: Moderate
- Minimum tank size: 20 gallons
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Adult fish size: 1.5 inches
- Origin: South America
- Temperature: 72. 81 °F
- pH: 6.0. 7.5
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: Top & Mid-water (surface dwellers)
Hatchetfish, native to South America, are popular aquarium fish due to their slim and hatchet-shaped appearance. The schooling and surface dwelling behavior of this species set them apart from the rest in terms of dither fish. They possess a unique ability that is quite similar to flying fish. It allows them assistive glides as they pursue insects or evade predators in the wild. It’s recommended that one keep six or more Hatchetfish together for ideal viewing pleasure as well as establishing an inviting habitat that will bring out their natural behaviors even further.

5. Rasboras
- Scientific name: Various
- Care level: Easy to Moderate
- Minimum tank size: 5 gallons and up
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Adult fish size: 0.75 to 2 inches
- Origin: Asia usually
- Temperature: 62. 82 °F
- pH: 6.0. 7.5 usually
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: Top & Mid-water
Rasboras are ideal for providing a secure and comfortable environment in freshwater tanks. With their speed, agility, and colorful appearances, these schooling fish can help more timid species feel safe. They also contribute to the harmony in the aquarium due to their gentle behavior. Introducing rasboras into your tank gives all other inhabitants peace of mind and adds vibrant visual appeal. Some of these species are very small, so make sure they are housed with appropriately sized fish.

6. Corydoras Catfish
- Scientific name: Corydoras spp.
- Care level: Easy to Moderate
- Minimum tank size: 10 gallons and up
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Adult fish size: 1 to 4 inches
- Origin: South America usually
- Temperature: 70. 81 °F
- pH: 6.0. 7.5 usually
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: Bottom
Corydoras catfish are excellent for keeping community tanks clean and providing an aesthetically pleasing presence in the aquarium. These fish bring peace to their surroundings as they scavenge along the bottom of the tank, never becoming aggressive or disruptive to other inhabitants. They should have many places to hide to feel safe when at rest. A balanced diet is necessary for these lively dithers’ health and happiness. Owners must keep up with regular maintenance on both tank water quality and nutritional needs alike.

When properly taken care of, Corydoras Catfish can make a great addition to any aquatic setup due to their helpful duties and how attractive this species appears swimming around its home aquarium! Keep in mind if you are working with a fish that is territorial and claims the bottom of the tank, they should not be housed together. Use dither fish that are middle or top swimmers instead.

7. Rainbowfish
- Scientific name: Melanotaenia Spp.
- Care level: Easy to Moderate
- Minimum tank size: 20 gallons and up
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Adult fish size: 2.5 to 5 inches
- Origin: Indonesia, Eastern Australia, Northern Australia, North Carolina
- Temperature: 74. 80 °F
- pH: 6.0. 8.0
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: Middle to Top
Rainbowfish are one of the most popular fish species among aquarists, thanks to their colorful, hardy nature that enhances the aquarium environment. These fish are more adaptable to tank chemistry parameters than other dither fish. They can work in acidic community tanks and alkaline Rift Lake Cichlid setups. Their ability to thrive under a variety of water conditions makes them an ideal choice for even beginner owners looking to liven up their tank with multiple types of aquatic life, reducing any potential stress or aggression between other fish varieties present in your underwater world.

They are also on the larger end, which allows you to use them with most medium sized fish. They are great with species like Angelfish.

8. Pencilfish
- Scientific name: Nannostomus spp.
- Care level: Easy to Moderate
- Minimum tank size: 10 gallons and up
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Adult fish size: 1 to 2 inches
- Origin: Indonesia, South America
- Temperature: 64. 82 °F
- pH: 6.0. 7.5
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: Middle to Top
Pencilfish are an excellent choice to add to your tank as they help timid and shy fish feel more comfortable coming out of hiding due to their outgoing nature and swimming in the open water.

They are schooling fish with a low energy level than others on this list. They are excellent for fish that may get outcompeted for food and give an alternative look than what you usually see with tetra or rasboras schools

9. Silver Dollars
- Scientific name: Metynnis argenteus / Metynnis hypsauchen
- Care level: Moderate
- Minimum tank size: 75 gallons
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Adult fish size: 6 inches
- Origin: South America
- Temperature: 75. 82 °F
- pH: 6.0. 7.0
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: Middle to Top
Silver dollars are native to South America and can be used in larger tanks due to their schooling behavior. These fish have a unique mirrored appearance on the flanks, which allows them fast movements that help them evade predators. They prefer warm, acidic waters and will add an attractive element of motion with their swiftness within any tank setting. To ensure they stay healthy, it is important for silver dollars to consume both plant-based food as well as protein sources regularly. They fast and larger size make them perfect for aggressive fish like the Jack Dempsey.

10. Small To Medium Barb Fish
- Scientific name: Various
- Care level: Easy to Moderate
- Minimum tank size: 15 gallons
- Temperament: Peaceful to Semi-aggressive
- Adult fish size: 2 – 4 inches
- Origin: Various
- Temperature: 68. 80 °F
- pH: 6.0. 8.0
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: Middle to Top
Small to medium barbs, such as gold or cherry barbs are an excellent choice of schooling fish when looking for dithers in aquarium setups. These vibrant and patterned fish boast speed, energy, and life that help create a peaceful atmosphere among other species living with them. As they provide beautiful colors, these small to medium size organisms can add charm while keeping the tank lively at the same time.

Barbs range in temperament. Keep peaceful barbs like cherries with more delicate fish while using tiger barbs for more semi-aggressive to aggressive setups.

11. Bala Shark
- Scientific name: Balantiocheilos melanopterus
- Care level: Moderate
- Minimum tank size: 125 gallons
- Temperament: Peaceful (will eat small fish)
- Adult fish size: 12 inches
- Origin: Southeast Asia – found in rivers and lakes of Thailand, Borneo, Sumatra, and Malaysia
- Temperature: 75 – 82 °F
- pH: 6.5. 8.0
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: Middle to Top
Bala sharks are an ideal choice for large community tanks as they offer great value, can handle freshwater conditions easily, and will get along with some of the largest fish in the hobby. Unfortunately, this species is known to be quite aggressive with its fin nipping habits. Yet it doesn’t stop them from being used in groups where other fish inhabit the same tank – just so long as there’s enough space available. They require large tanks, with 125 being the minimum. They are one of the go tos for those who want a monster fish tank with dither fish.

12. Tinfoil Barb
- Scientific name: Barbonymus schwanenfeldii
- Care level: Moderate
- Minimum tank size: 125 gallons
- Temperament: Semi aggressive
- Adult fish size: 15 inches
- Origin: Tropical regions in Borneo, Sumatra, Thailand, and the Malayan peninsula
- Temperature: 72 – 77 °F
- pH: 6.5. 7.5
- Diet: Omnivore
- Swim Level: All
Tinfoil barbs are an eye catching schooling fish with a shiny coating and attractive red fins. They are omnivorous, feasting on plant matter and protein based foods like shrimp. It is essential to give them ample space in their aquariums to avoid nipping at other slower fish that may inhabit the tank too.

They are large fish that require an even larger tank than Bala Sharks. These are the one of the biggest dither fish you can purchase in the hobby. They are reserved for the largest fish keepers.

Feeding And Care Tips

Taking proper care of your dither fish is essential for their health. To meet their dietary requirements, offer a range of foods like flakes, pellets, and frozen food items, and live feed to them in several smaller amounts throughout the day. Dither fish, given their activity levels, will need to be fed more often than other fish in your tank. Also, pay attention to maintaining the right water temperature and pH level along with salinity and hardness that are suitable according to the type of species inside your aquarium or tank environment.

Regular water changes must be done routinely if parameters are off. In general, try to stick with these parameters and make water changes if they are off:
- Ammonia – 0 PPM
- Nitrite – 0 PPM
- Nitrate – 40 PPM
Alternative Methods For Reducing Stress And Aggression

There are alternatives to relying solely on dither fish for an active and peaceful tank. One solution is planning the aquarium setup correctly with adequate hiding places and sticking to generally peaceful fish that aren’t territorial.

Introducing compatible new inhabitants gradually is another way to limit stress levels when establishing harmony among all the fish in that environment. Consequently, by employing these methods, you will be able to promote peaceful vibes for your finned friends thriving in their own self-made habitat.

Potential Drawbacks Of Using Dither Fish

When incorporating dither fish into an aquarium, there are many advantages to be had in the reduction of stress and hostility among its inhabitants. Nonetheless, it is important to weigh up potential problems that may arise when introducing different species together, such as a timid variety being provoked by another type or breeding if the same genders remain close proximity. Overcrowding could also become problematic, given they require adequate room for safety from assault and optimal health conditions.

Ethically speaking, questions have arisen over using target fish or feeder varieties due to conditions these fish face if they are used as target fish. The stress can cause disease or death. It’s best to work on the aggression issues with a larger tank or to reduce the number of aggressive fish to reduce aggression in the tank.

Where To Buy

Many dither fish are small and can be purchased at local fish stores. However, if you lack a reliable store near you, you can consider purchasing them online. We highly recommend getting any nano fish from Flip Aquatics as they quarantine all their fish and offer guarantees. You can shop at them by clicking the click below.

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Fish That Benefit

Here are several fish species that benefit from these fish. Consider them if you are thinking about housing any of these species below:
- Discus Fish
- Paradise fish and Gouramis
- Angelfish (reduces infighting)
- Knifefish
- Apistogrammas
Frequently Asked Questions

What is the dither effect on fish?

Adding dither fish to your aquarium can give other occupants the security and assurance they need in order to swim more freely. As these small swimming creatures act as natural decoys, they help reduce predator activity and encourage regular behavior amongst all of the tank inhabitants. This type of fish brings many benefits with them into any aquatic environment. Creating a sense of safety that allows for unrestricted exploration by other species within the space.

What dither fish can live in a discus tank?

Cardinal tetras, which require warm and acidic water like larger fish that live within a tank, are often used as dithers in an aquarium. Being peaceful creatures, these small schooling fish have a calming effect on their bigger peers while swimming freely around it all day.

Do guppies make good dither fish?

For any community aquarium, guppies are a great option as a dither fish. The only drawbacks with them are fancy guppies may get nipped by tankmates, and they have the ability to breed quickly. Otherwise, they are a popular and great dither fish to add to the aquarium.

What is the best dither fish?

The ideal fish for shy or aggressive species are livebearers, tetras and rasboras, corydoras, danios, and rainbowfish, as well as hatchetfish and pencil fish. These types of fishes are the best options to act as ‘dithers.’

What is the main purpose of dither fish in an aquarium?

Fish known as dither fish can bring a feeling of protection and increased activity to other inhabitants in an aquarium, thus reducing levels of anxiety or aggression.

Closing Thoughts

Keeping the environment of your aquarium in harmony is essential, and dither fish play an important part by reducing tension amongst aquatic inhabitants. By getting to know different species of these fish, providing them with care and proper nutrition, and considering alternative tactics for decreasing aggression, you can guarantee that your freshwater tank is cheerful and vibrant. So why not take advantage of what dither fish have to offer?

Have you kept any before? Let us know in the comments about your experience. Until next time fish keepers!
September 14, 2023

Pom Pom Crab Care Guide: The Complete Setup and Care Breakdown

Pom Pom Crabs carry small anemones on their claws. They are tiny, fascinating, and almost impossible to find in stock.

If you find pom pom crabs in stock, buy them. They will not be there next week.

Species Overview
Classification
Understanding Them
Caring For Your Pom Pom Crab
Feeding Your Pom Pom Crab
Understanding Their Behavior
Choosing Tank Mates
Common Health Issues
Breeding Challenges
Other Species To Check Out
Frequently Asked Questions
Closing Thoughts
What Most Care Guides Get Wrong
Is the Pom Pom Crab Right for You?
Species Comparison
The Reality of Keeping Pom Pom Crab

The Pom Pom Crab is not a fully aquatic animal, and that is the first thing most buyers get wrong. I have seen these crabs drown in fully submerged setups at fish stores. After keeping crabs for years, I know the real setup they need to survive.

If your crab has no way to climb out of the water, your setup is wrong.

The Pom Pom Crab is tiny, peaceful, and will escape any tank without a tight-fitting lid. If there is a gap, this crab will find it.

The Pom Pom Crab needs a paludarium-style setup with both land and water access. That is a different kind of maintenance commitment than a standard aquarium.

Crabs are escape artists with opinions. If your lid has a gap, they will find it.

What Most Care Guides Get Wrong About Pom Pom Crab

The biggest misconception about Pom Pom Crabs is that they’re fully aquatic. Most freshwater crabs need access to land and will climb out of open-top tanks. In my 25 plus years in the hobby, crab care is fundamentally different from fish care.

The Reality of Keeping Pom Pom Crab

Most crabs are semi-terrestrial. A fully submerged tank is a death sentence for most freshwater and brackish crabs. They need land access, humidity, and the ability to climb above the waterline. A paludarium-style setup is the only correct approach for most species.

Escape prevention is a daily concern. Crabs climb everything. Heater cords, filter intakes, airline tubing, tank decorations. If there is a path to the rim, they will find it. A tight-fitting lid with no gaps is mandatory.

Aggression is always present. Crabs are territorial and will fight other crabs, eat small fish, and destroy plants. Tankmate selection is limited and must be carefully planned.

Biggest Mistake New Owners Make

Keeping crabs in a fully aquatic setup without land access. Most freshwater crabs need to leave the water regularly. Without a dry area, they drown. Yes, crabs can drown.

Expert Take

Build the land area first, then add the water section. If you start with water and try to add land later, you will redesign the entire setup. Trust me on this.

Key Takeaways

Pom Pom crabs are new to the hobby and known for their attractive appearance and active behavior.
They are one of the more peaceful aquatic crabs you can buy
Create an environment that mimics their natural habitat, including water parameters & decorations with hiding spots.
Choose tankmates that are fast and who won’t try to eat them

Species Overview

Scientific Name	Ptychognathus barbatus
Common Names	Pom Pom Crab, Cheerleading Crab, Boxing Crab, Freshwater Pom Pom Crab
Family	Pilumnidae
Origin	Asia, Africa, Australia
Diet	Omnivore
Care Level	Moderate
Activity	Mostly active during the night (nocturnal)
Life Span	1 year
Temperament	Peaceful
Tank Level	Bottom and on plants and decor
Minimum Tank Size	10 gallons (38 liters)
Temperature Range	72-82°F (22-27°C)
Water Hardness	6-12 dKH
pH Range	6.8 – 7.2
Filtration/Water Flow	Slow to Moderate
Water Type	Freshwater Tanks
Breeding	Egg layer
Difficulty to Breed	Difficult
Compatibility	Community Tanks
OK, for Planted Tanks?	Yes (Better with tough texture plants)

Classification

Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Malacostraca
Order	Decapoda
Family	Xanthidae
Genus	Lybia
Species	L. Tesselata (Latreille in Milbert, 1812)

Understanding Them

Origins And Habitat

Pom Pom crabs, are commonly found in freshwater springs and narrow streams across Africa, Asia and Australia near rocks and pebbles foraging around their environment. They are newer to the aquarium industry and are not the same as the saltwater pom pom crab ((lybia sp. Also known as hawaiian boxer crab). These freshwater crabs are highly valued due to their more mellow nature. In the wild they live in sandy substrates and around roots of trees. A replicable natural habitat is key for them to be content at home!

Appearance

Pom Pom crabs (from our YouTube Channel) stand out from other crab species due to their uniquely fluffy pom-poms adorning their claws. Males have bigger and more noticeable hair tufts, while females will only exhibit barely visible bristles. This makes it rather simple to tell them apart by sight. They are dull in color but are less reclusive than other aquatic crabs.

Average Size

Pom Pom crabs, a species of freshwater animal ranging from 0.6 to 1 inch in size, make great tank mates for nano tanks or community aquariums due to their small stature and adaptation level found when living near freshwater rivers. Due to their small size, they are better suited to smaller tanks so you can actually enjoy seeing them interact. They will get lost in the background in larger tanks.

Lifespan

Pom Pom crabs, when given adequate care and maintenance, have the potential to live up to one year. This is a short lived species compared to their saltwater counterpart which an live up to 3 years. To extend their lifespan, their habitat needs to be suitable for them as well providing a balanced diet and keeping water conditions appropriate at all times. While they can live longer than a year, most will live in your tank under a year.

Caring For Your Pom Pom Crab

Pom Pom crabs must have a freshwater aquarium to match their natural habitat for them to flourish. It is essential that the size of the tank, water parameters and decorations meet proper requirements in order for this fully aquatic crab species to thrive. All these points are pertinent when looking after your pom crab correctly as they are not able to survive outside an environment like what is found naturally with other fully-aquatic creatures.

Tank Size And Setup

For a Pom Crab tank, it is advised to get one that holds at least 5 gallons of water and 10 if housing more or adding peaceful mates. A fine sand substrate must be added so the small crabs can burrow as they do in their habitat. Making sure the lid on top fits tightly with no gaps around outlets or wires will prevent any unexpected escapes since these creatures are known for being very creative when looking for an escape route. If you want to add an additional safety measure, you can lower the water level so there’s 4 inches of distance between the surface of the water and its lid.

Water Parameters And Maintenance

Maintaining the right water parameters for your Pom Pom crab is essential to their health and well-being. The desired temperature range should be between 22-28°C (72 – 82°F), with pH levels of 6.8-7.2, total dissolved solids at 150. 200, a hardness from GH of 6. 8, and KH reading 2. 6. It’s important that you also avoid brackish waters as they can harm them over time by creating unfavorable conditions (brackish only comes into play if you are breeding them).

Using an appropriate testing kit will help ensure these key factors are maintained in the aquatic environment ensuring it remains clean free from pollutants which might compromise good living standards for your pet crabs. Always need Ammonia and nitrites at 0PPM. Keep your nitrates below 40 PPM as inverts in general are sensitive to higher nitrates.

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It’s recommended to perform water changes on a regular basis since stability in this area would provide ideal circumstances. Do water changes whenever your parameters are off.

Decorations And Hiding Spots

The natural environment of Pom Crab must be reproduced for them to thrive. This can achieved by adding driftwood, rocks, and aquatic plants into the tank, They will provide an interesting appearance while also offering spots for your crabs to hide away in or explore through digging. Having live plants inside the aquarium helps keep the water clean whilst providing a supplementary source of food. For plants, consider a tough plant like Anubias as more delicate plants may get torn up by the crab’s weight and claws.

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If you get plants, be aware that copper is toxic to them. Consider a fertilizer designed for shrimp as they will not have copper and will be safe for your crabs.

Feeding Your Pom Pom Crab

Pom Pom crabs are scavenging opportunistic omnivores who feed on a variety of microorganisms, algae, plant detritus, and commercial dry food. Contrary to belief, they are not filter feeders. While it looks like the pom poms will serve that function, and they do catch food within the water column with them, it its not their primary source of feeding in an aquarium environment.

To ensure they live a healthy life full of necessary nutrition it is important to provide them with a balanced diet supplemented by occasional protein-rich treats. Try to feed foods like the following:

Brine Shrimp
Bloodworms
Sinking pellets designed for bottom feeders

Adding calcium supplements helps maintain the exoskeleton while also supporting the molting process. For this reason, providing these crustaceans with both regular meals that consist primarily of dried food and snacks like those mentioned before enables optimal health for all pom crab species.

Understanding Their Behavior

Pom Pom crabs (video source) are energetic and entertaining creatures that demonstrate a range of captivating behaviors. They is seen climbing, excavating, and feeding in the aquarium. Commonly docile, they have the ability to coexist with fish as well as other non-aggressive freshwater species without causing any issues.

During molting times, they might become more reclusive.

Molting Process

For Pom Pom crabs, molting is an essential part of their life cycle. This activity involves the shedding of old shells so they can form a new one and expand in size. To protect themselves during this process, these creatures often hide inside burrows beneath sand until their exoskeleton has hardened properly again.

It’s important to be mindful that for your crab’s health, the moulting phase should not be overlooked or underestimated as it plays such an integral role in its growth and development! Molting is also a time when they may be vulnerable to getting bullied or eaten by other tankmates.

Choosing Tank Mates

When selecting companions for your Pom Pom crab, their docile temperament and small size must be kept in mind. Selecting the right tank mates is key to a peaceful living situation. Enabling your crab’s success without having to battle with its peers over food or resources.

Good Tankmates

Finding a suitable tank mate for your Pom Crab is essential. We are looking for peaceful freshwater fish that will not try to eat them and fast and active fish that won’t get eaten by the crab. While peaceful, these crabs are opportunistic eaters and will not hesitate to eat slow moving or sick fish. Knowing this, here are several good options:

Fast schooling fish like Tetras
Danio Fish
Livebearers
Freshwater shrimp like Cherry Shrimp)
Snails (avoid very small snails)

It’s important to ensure that any species you choose will not cause stress or harm. Opt only for gentle and non-aggressive choices to keep everyone safe. Together with these beneficial buddies, your crab can live happily in their shared environment without worry!

Bad Tankmates

For a harmonious and serene aquatic space, your Pom Pom crab needs to be kept away from large or aggressive fish that may consider them prey. Look out for the following fish:

Large aggressive cichlids
Semi-aggressive fish that nip like Tiger Barbs
Betta Fish (they will try to eat them)
Goldfish

You should aim towards peaceful tank companions as opposed to potentially hazardous ones who are more likely to feed aggressively or be territorial. Also, if you keep bottom feeders – keep an eye on food competition as you crab is outcompeted for food.

Common Health Issues

Pom Pom crabs are mostly quite resilient when it comes to disease, yet can still be affected by issues like fungal infections, parasites and shell rot. To prevent any such occurrences from happening in an established aquarium environment, the water needs to remain of high quality.

Bacterial or fungal problems may occur where you’ll see discoloration. This occurs when a tank does not have the ideal tank parameters and calcium is low in their diets., however, you will not see visible signs of illness of these crabs, they may just pass away before any signs are shown. Given they are inverts, they do not get any of the common fish diseases you will see in aquariums, but can pass on diseases like Ich if the parasite attaches to their exoskeleton.

Is the Pom Pom Crab Right for You?

Before you add a Pom Pom Crab to your tank, here is an honest assessment of what you’re signing up for. I’d rather you know exactly what to expect now than find out the hard way after you’ve already bought one.

Experience level: Pom Pom Crabs are best suited for intermediate to advanced keepers. They have specific requirements that can overwhelm beginners.
Tank size commitment: You’ll need at least 10 gallons, though bigger is always better. Make sure you have room for the tank before buying.
Tank mate planning: Pom Pom Crabs is territorial, so plan your community carefully. Not every fish will work as a tank mate.
Maintenance demands: Expect regular water testing and consistent water changes. Pom Pom Crabs are sensitive to parameter fluctuations.
Setup investment: Individual Pom Pom Crabs are affordable, but the right environment adds up. Factor in the full setup cost.
Time investment: Beyond daily feeding and weekly maintenance, regular observation is the best way to catch health issues early.
Long-term commitment: These are living animals that depend entirely on you. Make sure you’re ready for the ongoing responsibility.

Breeding Challenges

Successful breeding of Pom Pom crabs in a home aquarium has yet to be accomplished, as the larvae need brackish water for their development. The task is arduous due to its intricate and multi-stage larval cycle, making it difficult for hobbyists who aim to raise planktonic juveniles into adulthood because these require precise care along with ideal environmental conditions.

You can check out a documented case on the Planted Tank forum here. However, breeding is something left to experts to attempt.

Other Species To Check Out

Not sure if this crab is for you? Check out our other crab guides below:

Frequently Asked Questions

Are pom pom crabs good pets?

Pom pom crabs are an ideal choice for first-time fish keepers due to the fact that they don’t need a lot of room and their care is straightforward. These tiny crustaceans make wonderful pets, particularly when it comes to nano tanks. With these creatures being so easy to look after, aquarists can focus on making sure every other aspect in the tank stays up kept, perfect for any beginner!

How big does a pom-pom crab get?

Pom-pom crabs Have a leg span of approximately 1 inch, though some may reach up to almost 2 inches.

Are pom pom crabs fully aquatic?

Pom pom crabs are completely aquatic and should be kept in an aquarium with a secure lid or at low water levels. This will assist them to remain safe, as these types of crustaceans have been known to attempt escapes from time to time. It is also necessary that the tank environment suits their needs. Thus, providing enough space for movement around the area and cleanliness can go a long way when caring for one of these fascinating creatures.

Can pom pom crabs live in freshwater?

Pom pom crabs is an excellent addition to any size of freshwater aquarium, as they have a peaceful and outgoing nature. These little crustaceans are found in Africa, Asia, and Australia, specifically around narrow streams or springs filled with freshwater. They make good tank mates due to their sociable yet non-aggressive temperaments!

What is the ideal tank size for a Pom Pom crab?

For a Pom Pom crab, an ideal tank size is 5 gallons at a minimum and 10 gallons for larger colonies or other peaceful tank mates. Anything larger than 20 gallons will make it difficult to see see them in the tank as they can get lost in all the decor.

How the Pom Pom Crab Compares to Similar Species

If you’re considering a Pom Pom Crab, you’ve probably also looked at the Thai Micro Crab. Both fill similar roles, but the differences matter when planning your tank. The Pom Pom Crab has its own distinct personality and care needs. In my experience, the choice often comes down to the specific community you’re building and whether your water parameters favor one over the other.

The Panther Crab is worth considering as well. While the Pom Pom Crab and the Panther Crab share some overlap in care, they bring different energy to a tank. If you have the space, keeping both in separate setups gives you a great chance to compare their behavior firsthand.

Closing Thoughts

Want a fully aquatic invertebrate? Get shrimp. Want a semi-terrestrial paludarium project? Get crabs. The setup is completely different.

Caring for Pom Pom crabs in a freshwater aquarium can bring delightful rewards. It is important to provide them with the right habitat, quality water conditions, and suitable tank mates so that they thrive happily. Having knowledge about their origin, behavior, and needs will help create an environment where these interesting crustaceans flourish. With adequate preparation and attention to detail, you can witness this captivating world of pom crab life first-hand!

September 11, 2023

Panther Crab Care Guide: What You Need to Know Before You Buy

Panther Crabs are fully aquatic freshwater crabs that are aggressive, territorial, and will eat anything they catch.

Panther crabs are beautiful and violent. Keep them alone or with fast fish that stay off the bottom.

Species Overview
Classification
Understanding Them
Caring For Your Panther Crab
Behavior And Social Interaction
Breeding
Other Species To Check Out
Frequently Asked Questions
Closing Thoughts
What Most Care Guides Get Wrong
Is the Panther Crab Right for You?
Species Comparison
The Reality of Keeping Panther Crab

The Panther Crab is not a fully aquatic animal, and that is the first thing most buyers get wrong. I have seen these crabs drown in fully submerged setups at fish stores. After keeping crabs for years, I know the real setup they need to survive.

If your crab has no way to climb out of the water, your setup is wrong.

Panther Crabs are beautiful and territorial. Two males in the same tank means one dead crab. There is no negotiation.

The Panther Crab needs a paludarium-style setup with both land and water access. That is a different kind of maintenance commitment than a standard aquarium.

Crabs are escape artists with opinions. If your lid has a gap, they will find it.

What Most Care Guides Get Wrong About Panther Crab

The biggest misconception about Panther Crabs is that they’re fully aquatic. Most freshwater crabs need access to land and will climb out of open-top tanks. In my 25 plus years in the hobby, crab care is fundamentally different from fish care.

The Reality of Keeping Panther Crab

Aggression is always present. Crabs are territorial and will fight other crabs, eat small fish, and destroy plants. Tankmate selection is limited and must be carefully planned.