Tag: Freshwater Fish Profiles

The Wakin Goldfish is not a beginner fish. It is a cold-water species that produces enormous waste, needs real filtration, and outgrows most tanks within a year. I have kept goldfish in ponds and large tanks for over 25 years. Here is the honest care guide most people need before buying one.

A goldfish in a bowl is not thriving. It is slowly suffocating.

Goldfish live 10 to 15 years, sometimes longer. This is a decade-long commitment to large water volumes, heavy filtration, and consistent maintenance.

A goldfish kept properly is more impressive than most tropical fish. The problem is almost nobody keeps them properly.

Table of Contents

• What Most Care Guides Get Wrong About Wakin Goldfish The Traditional Japanese Variety Worth Knowing
• A Brief Overview of the Wakin Goldfish
• Classification
• Origins and Habitat
• What Does Wakin Goldfish Look Like?
• Temperament and Activity Level
• What are Good Tank Mates?
• How Big Are They?
• How Long Do They Live?
• Temperament and Activity Level
• What Do They Eat?
• What About Live Foods?
• How Much and How Often to Feed
• Tank Requirements (Care)
• Substrate
• Decor
• Plants
• Filtration
• How to Breed
• Health and Disease
• Signs of Good Health
• Signs of Poor Health and Treatment
• Where to Buy (And Cost)
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Is the Wakin Goldfish The Traditional Japanese Variety Worth Knowing Right for You?
• How the Wakin Goldfish The Traditional Japanese Variety Worth Knowing Compares to Similar Species
• Closing Thoughts
• The Reality of Keeping Wakin Goldfish

The Wakin goldfish is one of the oldest domestic goldfish varieties still kept today. And one of the most overlooked by western hobbyists. I’ve covered dozens of goldfish types over the years on our channel, and the Wakin always surprises people who’ve only seen the slow-moving, round-bodied fancy varieties. It has a sleek body like a common goldfish but with a distinctive double tail and often stunning coloration. After 25 years in this hobby, one thing I always make clear: don’t mix Wakin with fancy goldfish. They’re fast, competitive swimmers that will outcompete slower varieties for food every time. This guide covers everything you need to keep Wakin goldfish thriving. Whether in a pond or a large aquarium.

What Most Care Guides Get Wrong About Wakin Goldfish The Traditional Japanese Variety Worth Knowing

The biggest mistake I see with wakin goldfish the traditional japanese variety worth knowings is underestimating their aggression. Guides will label them “semi-aggressive” and move on. In practice, that label doesn’t tell you much. Tank layout, stocking density, and territory management all play a huge role in whether these fish coexist or constantly fight. Tank size is another area where most guides get it wrong. The minimum listed on most care sheets is exactly that, a minimum. For long-term success, especially if you’re keeping a group, I always recommend going at least one size up from whatever the guide suggests. Finally, diet gets oversimplified. Pellets alone won’t cut it. In my 25+ years keeping fish, I’ve found that variety in diet directly affects color, growth, and overall vitality. Include frozen foods, quality pellets, and occasional vegetable matter for the best results.

The Reality of Keeping Wakin Goldfish

Tank size requirements are not negotiable. A single fancy goldfish needs at minimum 20 gallons. A single-tail variety like a comet needs 40 gallons minimum, and realistically belongs in a pond. The one-gallon-per-inch rule does not apply to goldfish.

Filtration needs to be oversized. Goldfish produce more ammonia than tropical fish of the same size. Your filter should be rated for at least double your actual tank volume. A 40-gallon tank with goldfish needs filtration rated for 75 to 100 gallons.

They are cold-water fish that do not need heaters. Goldfish thrive between 65 and 72 degrees. Putting them in a heated tropical tank stresses them and shortens their lifespan. Room temperature water is fine for most homes.

Biggest Mistake New Owners Make

Putting a goldfish in a small bowl or tank without filtration. Goldfish produce massive amounts of waste. Without proper filtration, ammonia levels spike within days and the fish suffers organ damage long before it shows visible symptoms.

Expert Take

The best goldfish keepers I know run heavy filtration and do large weekly water changes. There is no shortcut or trick that replaces those two fundamentals.

A Brief Overview of the Wakin Goldfish

Scientific Name	Carassius Auratus Auratus
Common Names	Wakin, watonai
Family	Cyprinidae
Origin	Japan
Diet	Omnivore
Care Level	Moderate
Activity	Active
Lifespan	10 to 15 Years
Temperament	Peaceful
Tank Level	Medium
Minimum Tank Size	30 Gallons
Temperature Range	65°F to 72°F
KH	4-20 dGH
pH Range	6.5 to 7.5
Filtration/Water Flow	Moderate
Water Type	Freshwater
Breeding	Egg layers
Difficulty to Breed	Easy to breed
Compatibility	Community tank or species-only tank. Great with Koi in Ponds
OK, for Planted Tanks?	Mostly no

Classification

Taxonomic Rank	Classification
Common Name	Wakin Goldfish
Scientific Name	Carassius auratus
Order	Cypriniformes
Family	Cyprinidae
Genus	Carassius
Species	C. Auratus

Origins and Habitat

Like many other goldfish varieties, the wakin was first bred artificially in Japan in the early 16th century. In its early days, the wakin was a highly prized Japanese goldfish, and only available to the wealthy.

, aquarists agree that most of the fancy goldfish breeds we know today originated from mutations in the wakin goldfish.

Like all other goldfish, the wakin is descended from the Chinese gibel carp¹.

What Does Wakin Goldfish Look Like?

Similar to common goldfish (picture source), wakin goldfish are physically characterized by a slender and long body shape with no compression. They are classified as a lean bodied or slim-bodied goldfish. These types of goldfish are more atheltic and make for a more sturdy goldfish than other goldfish.

You will also know wakins by their split tail. However, unlike fancy double-tailed goldfish, these fish have long and flowing double tail. Their caudal fin, which is short, resembles more of a fantail shape. 

Every wakin goldfish has a unique pattern on its body. In terms of coloration, they come in a wide variety, although they are mainly sought in white, red, or a combination of the two. Additionally, you might find rare colors like calico, yellow, orange and brown, but the rarer the color, the higher the price tag is likely to be.

And speaking of variations, you might also find the “watonai” variation of wakins, who have flowing tails.

• How Big are Wakin Goldfish?Add ImageAt a maximum length of 18 inches, wakin goldfish are some of the largest breeds of goldfish you’ll find. You’re more likely to see them grow to this size if you locate them in a pond instead of in a tank. 
• How Long Do Wakin Goldfish Live?Add ImageThe average Wakin goldfish can live up to 10 to 15 years, with some exceptions. Those who are carefully looked after can thrive for as long as 20 years! 

Add New FAQ

Temperament and Activity Level

Wakin goldfish are fast and lively fish who enjoy exploring their surroundings. They are mainly peaceful freshwater fish, able to coexist peacefully with most other community fish. That said, you should avoid putting them together with fancy goldfish, since the latter are slow swimmers. As such, they’ll have to compete for access to food.

Wakin goldfish are also well-loved for their friendly and curious nature. In fact, once you start feeding them regularly, you’ll start to notice how they rush to the surface of the pond or tank to greet you when feeding time is due.

What are Good Tank Mates?

Great Tank Mates

As fast swimmers, these pet fish are best kept with other fast species such as:

• Koi Fish
• Shubunkin Goldfish
• Comet Goldfish

Besides goldfish, apple snails, ghost shrimps, African dwarf frogs, rosy barbs, and weather loaches.

Fish Species to Avoid

, the Wakin goldfish are friendly and playful with most other community fish. However, there are certain fish that don’t get along with them. For instance, you should avoid housing them with aquarium fish species like fancy goldfish as they are slow swimmers and therefore, at a disadvantage during feeding time. You also shouldn’t choose aggressive tank mates for the these fish, such as cichlids. 

Just got yourself or considering a Wakin Goldfish? If so, this article about Wakin Goldfish Care will answer all your questions!

The vivid color, attractive double tail and friendly, curious temperament of the Wakin goldfish (carassius auratus) has led to an increase in its popularity in recent years. Originating in Japan like most other wild carp descended fish, it was the original prototype, of sorts, of many other fancy goldfish breeds.

Wakin goldfish are a good choice for aquatic pet lovers since they’re not difficult to take care of. Although they are best brought up in a pond, they can also be housed in aquariums. With the right care guidelines, of course.

Temperament and Activity Level

Wakin goldfish are lean bodied goldfish that are fast and lively fish. They enjoy exploring their surroundings. They are mainly peaceful freshwater fish, able to coexist peacefully with most other community fish. That said, you should avoid putting them together with fancy goldfish, since the latter are slow swimmers. As such, they’ll have to compete for access to food.

Wakin goldfish are also well-loved for their friendly and curious nature. In fact, once you start feeding them regularly, you’ll start to notice how they rush to the surface of the pond or tank to greet you when feeding time is due.

What Do They Eat?

The Waking Goldfish breed is omnivorous. This means that giving them high quality fish food and a varied diet they need is easy, and you can feed them most low-fat foods.

You can give them flakes or pellets, but as always, these should not be their only nutrition source. Instead, you should aim to mix it up by introducing vegetables such as lettuce, broccoli, cabbage and shelled peas, and occasionally, chunks of fruits like strawberries and grapes. Also, if you keep them in an aquarium with live plants, don’t be surprised if they start grazing on them.

Of course, you should always be cautious about overfeeding them, because doing so can lead to the development of one or more of the digestive conditions or swim bladder problems.

What About Live Foods?

Brine shrimp, Tubifex worms, blackworms, bloodworms, mosquito larvae, etc. Make good live foods for these fish. Freeze dried and frozen sources of protein will also work.

How Much and How Often to Feed

A proper diet is very important for the well-being of your goldfish. Feed them too little and they will fall sick, feed them too much and they will have buoyancy problems.

The Wakin fish are omnivores which means they can feast on plant and animal matter. While basic store-bought pellets and flakes are a good source of nutrition, try to bring new variations of food. For example, try to drop some lettuce or diced grapes once a week or so and watch how your fish react to it.

When you’re buying fish food, try to get a mixture of both plant and animal-based varieties. Also, you should choose pellets that sink to the floor rather thank floating on the surface. Goldfish like searching for food at the base of the tank and with variation in the pellets, they won’t get bored.

You should feed them no more than twice daily and no more than what they can finish off within 3-4 minutes. Remove any leftovers from the water to ensure that the water remains inhabitable.

Tank Requirements (Care)

Here’s what to keep in mind when setting up your wakin tank.

Tank Size

Wakin fish can grow quite large and therefore need a lot of room to live freely. A large body also means more waste released into the aquarium. 

With this in mind, at least a 30 gallon tank is required to house one of these guys, along with an additional 10 gallons of water for each new fish. But there are no limits: the larger the aquarium size, the better. To maximize their happiness and lifespan, outdoor ponds are the best place for a Wakin. You can see a great example of a wakin goldfish tank below by C Lifestyle.

Tank Setup

There are some basic elements your tank must have in order for your Wakins to live and thrive. 

Temperature

Wakins prefer to live and thrive in cold water; they should be placed in unheated tanks. The ideal water temperature range for them is 65 to 72 degrees F. 

pH

Maintain a neutral pH for them between 6.0 and 8.0.

Ammonia and Nitrate

Ammonia and nitrate levels should be kept at 0.

Substrate

Large, smooth gravel is a good substrate or a fine sandy substrate is best for Wakin goldfish. This is because goldfish love scouring around, they might mistake gravel for food. The wrong gravel size is accidentally shallowed by your goldfish. Caribsea sand is great for goldfish.

Decor

Using plastic plants along with certain moss types will enhance the look of your aquarium. You can add large stones and small sticks as well to replicate a pond and give your fish plenty of options to play.

Plants

Keeping natural vegetation is difficult when it comes to wakin, who love to eat plants. More active ones might even uproot plants. Moreover, many plants won’t survive in the colder temperatures that wakins like. Knowing this, here are several plants that can take the punishment of these fish or may be ignored entirely:

• Java Fern
• Anubias
• Water Sprite
• Java Moss

If you do not want to deal with the hassle artificial plants is advised. In large commercial size ponds, plants are often omitted

Filtration

To deal with the large amounts of goldfish waste, go with a filtration system meant for large tanks. It’s also advised to get a filtration system with a larger tank capacity than what your setup has. A large power filter is minimum for a Wakin in a aquarium. For ponds, consider a waterfall style filtration system. Large ponds over 1500 gallons will often consider bead filtration for maximum biological filtration.

Since these fish are large and produce a lot of waste, consider a high end biological media like biohome.

How to Breed

We have certain pointers for those of you who are particularly interested in creating your own Wakin ecosystem. 

To push your mating, you must first replicate the natural changes they go through in a pond. Firstly, since they mate during spring, dropping the water temperature to 60 or 65 degrees F will signal the fish to procreate.

You must offer the fish adequate natural vegetation such as the Java moss in order to create suitable egg laying zones. You can also look for artificial spawning mops which do the same job as the moss. You should see fry within 48-72 hours of eggs being laid.

Note that in larger ponds, Wakin Goldfish breed regularly. If you don’t want an overflowing pond, you’ll have to make regular checks. Larger fish like Koi will eat baby fry.

Health and Disease

The best way to keep your fish healthy is with great filtration and a quality diet. Prevention is the best remedy when it comes to health. If you are wondering if your fish is unhealthy, there are some pointers to help.

Signs of Good Health

A healthy wakin is one that retains its friendly, lively and curious nature. You will see it frequently dipping in and out of tank and pond decorations, swimming swiftly and actively, and eating large amounts of food in short amounts of time.

Signs of Poor Health and Treatment

Unfortunately, like all goldfish varieties, wakins are also susceptible to freshwater fish diseases like ich, fin rot, bacterial infections, fluke, etc. The article I linked to contains a wealth of information on how to identify and cure many common diseases you may come across. Common signs of an ill fish would be:

• Rapid breathing
• Flashing or scratching rocks/gravel
• White and stringy poop
• Red marks and ulcers
• Torn or clamped fins
• White spots (not to be confused with mating white spots of goldfish who are breeding)

Wakins are less susceptible to bloat and other diseases that plague fancy goldfish.

Where to Buy (And Cost)

You can find them for sale online and at many aquarium stores. The main issue you will run into when shopping locally is the quality of Wakins. They are classified as beginner fish and not kept in good conditions. The best place to purchase in my mind is from a garden retailer who specializes in pond fish. Wakin goldfish cost more for at these retailers, but they are of superior quality.

My favorite of these are NextDayKoi. They offer a variety of quality goldfish that work well in ponds and larger aquariums. You won’t be disappointed ordering from them!

Frequently Asked Questions

ASD Difficulty Rating: Tier 2 – Intermediate , Wakin goldfish grow large and live long. They are best suited to ponds or very large indoor setups with strong filtration.

Hard Rule: Wakin goldfish grow to 10–12 inches (25–30 cm) and produce heavy waste. They require 75+ gallons (284+ L) minimum , but a pond is the appropriate long-term home.

Is the Wakin Goldfish The Traditional Japanese Variety Worth Knowing Right for You?

Before you add a wakin goldfish the traditional japanese variety worth knowing to your tank, it’s worth asking whether this species actually fits your setup and your goals. Here’s a quick breakdown to help you decide.

This species is a good fit if:

• You have a large enough tank to manage territories. Cramped conditions amplify aggression.
• You’re comfortable managing aggression through stocking ratios, line of sight breaks, and tank layout.
• You can commit to regular water changes. These fish produce more waste than many smaller species.
• You’re not planning a peaceful community tank. Wakin Goldfish The Traditional Japanese Variety Worth Knowings need tank mates that can hold their own.
• You enjoy watching active, interactive fish. Cichlids have personality that smaller species simply don’t match.
• You have backup plans. Sometimes a particular fish just doesn’t work out, and you need a way to rehome it.
• You’re feeding a varied, high-quality diet. Color and health depend on nutrition.

If most of those points line up with your setup, the wakin goldfish the traditional japanese variety worth knowing is worth serious consideration. If several don’t, it’s better to choose a species that matches your tank now rather than trying to make it work.

Avoid If:

• Your tank is under 75 gallons (284 L) – wakin goldfish outgrow standard aquariums within 2–3 years
• You keep tropical species that need warm water – wakin goldfish prefer cool temperatures
• You want a fish that stays small and compact like fancy goldfish varieties
• You are not prepared for large weekly water changes and heavy filtration demands

How the Wakin Goldfish The Traditional Japanese Variety Worth Knowing Compares to Similar Species

Want a pond fish? Get comets or shubunkins. Want an indoor aquarium goldfish? Get fancies and plan for a 40-gallon minimum. Want a low-maintenance pet? Get a betta instead.

Choosing between similar species is tricky. Here’s how the wakin goldfish the traditional japanese variety worth knowing stacks up against some common alternatives.

The wakin goldfish the traditional japanese variety worth knowing occupies a specific niche in the aquarium hobby, and direct comparisons really depend on what you’re looking for. In my experience, the most common question people ask is whether they should choose the wakin goldfish the traditional japanese variety worth knowing or something similar that’s more widely available. The answer comes down to three things: tank size, water parameters, and what other fish you’re keeping. If your setup matches what the wakin goldfish the traditional japanese variety worth knowing needs, it’s hard to beat. If not, there are alternatives worth exploring.

Closing Thoughts

With adequate amounts of living space, a varied diet and dedicated care, the Wakin goldfish is the new pride and joy of your home aquarium. Although it’s best to put them in ponds, replicating a pond environment is also possible. I hope you found these tips helpful! Please leave your comments below so I can continue providing helpful information about these wonderful fish and others in our hobby.

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Jewel cichlids are one of those fish where the name really does justice to the animal. The iridescent red and blue coloration on a healthy specimen is genuinely stunning. I’ve kept them and they’re hardy, bold fish with a lot of personality. The one thing I always emphasize: they’re aggressive, especially during breeding, and tankmate selection requires real thought or you’ll have problems.

If you’ve been researching different species of cichlids, the jewel cichlid may, quite understandably, have caught your eye. Now, despite its undeniable beauty, the jewel cichlid gets a bad rap due to its semi-aggressive temperament.

For many aquarists who wish to maintain a peaceful community tank, adding a jewel cichlid will not be worth it. However, keeping jewel cichlids is not only fun and rewarding, it’s also a great way to liven up your aquarium. Although their temperament will pose a problem to novice aquarists, the jewel cichlid is a worthwhile pet.

Wondering whether a jewel cichlid is worth putting in your home aquarium? Let our jewel cichlid care guide help you decide.

Species Overview

Scientific Name	Hemichromis bimaculatus
Common Names	Jewel cichlid, jewel fish, African jewelfish
Family	Cichlidae
Origin	Africa
Diet	Omnivore
Care Level	Moderate
Activity	Moderately active to active
Lifespan	5 – 7 years
Temperament	Semi-aggressive (Aggressive when breeding)
Tank Level	Mid to top level
Minimum Tank Size	30 gallons
Temperature Range	70°F to 74°F
KH	Neutral to soft; below 12 dKH
pH Range	7.0 to 7.5
Filtration/Water Flow	Moderate
Water Type	Freshwater
Breeding	Mouth Brooders
Difficulty to Breed	Easy to breed; forms breeding pairs easily
Compatibility	Species only or aggressive tank
OK, for Planted Tanks?	With Caution

Origins and Habitat

The jewel cichlid Hemichromis bimaculatus originates in West Africa. This is where the fish inhabit richly vegetated freshwater bodies like streams, rivers, and lakes. Jewel cichlids have also been documented in some parts of North Africa.

Because these water bodies are teeming with other cichlids and don’t offer a wide variety of sustenance, they are very competitive habitats. This explains why these jewel fish are naturally aggressive and territorial.

What Does the they Look Like?

The coloration of the jewel cichlid species varies widely. You’ll find them mostly in a bright orange-tinted red with vibrant white spots (this is the blood red jewel cichlid), but many are also colored purple with contrasting greenish spots (green jewel fish).

This color will be intensified during the breeding season. During this time, you’ll also notice a longer ventral, anal, and dorsal fin. Some say that male cichlids have a brighter coloration than their female counterparts. 

Temperament and Activity Level

The hemichromis bimaculatus is recognizable by its aggressive behavior. Particularly when it is stressed or underfed, a jewelfish is more likely to lash out and attack his/her tank mates. Breeding season is when the fish reaches the height of its aggression.

This will all sound very scary, but for the committed aquarist, it’s actually not that difficult to ensure a stress-free environment for this freshwater fish. As long as tank requirements are strictly maintained. The best thing to curb aggression is space and lots of shelter. If you have a small tank, with lots of fish, and no shelter, your Jewel Cichlids will be more aggressive as they fight to claim limited territory.

, your jewel cichlid fish will be seen flitting back and forth across the water. They are also very active fish who like to dig at their substrate, looking for food.

Jewel cichlids are also monogamous, which means they form a breeding pair for life. If your jewel fish are in a pair, don’t be surprised to see them together most of the time! 

What are Good Tankmates?

It will seem like a bad idea to include any tank mates for your jewelfish, fin nippers as they are. Well, you should listen to your instincts. Don’t put them in a community tank. These freshwater fish are best off in a species only or cichlid tank.  

Good Tank Mates

Despite their bad reputation, some jewelfish can, in fact, cohabit peacefully with certain other semi-aggressive species. Accordingly, here are some fish that will make acceptable mates for your jewelfish.

• Clown loaches
• Plecos
• Electric blue acaras
• Redtail shark
• Syndontis catfish
• Scavenger catfish
• Leopard bullfish

Jewel cichlids are one of the most aggressive fish you will ever keep relative to their size. They will terrorize tank mates, destroy aquascapes, and turn a peaceful community tank into a war zone overnight. When breeding, their aggression doubles. I have kept these for years and the number one mistake I see is people treating them like a regular community fish. They are not.

The Reality of Keeping How to Care for a Jewel Cichlid in Your Home Aquarium

The aggression reputation is earned but misunderstood. How to Care for a Jewel Cichlid in Your Home Aquarium is not randomly violent. It is territorial, and territory disputes in a poorly planned tank look like chaos.

Group size controls behavior. Keep too few and you get a bully. Keep enough and aggression spreads out. There is a threshold, and missing it ruins the tank.

Most problems are stocking problems. The fish is not the issue. The tank plan is the issue.

Biggest Mistake New How to Care for a Jewel Cichlid in Your Home Aquarium Owners Make

Keeping too few. A small group of How to Care for a Jewel Cichlid in Your Home Aquarium creates a hierarchy where the bottom fish gets destroyed. The solution is not fewer fish. It is more fish to spread aggression.

Expert Take

Stock heavily, filter aggressively, and provide sight breaks throughout the tank. How to Care for a Jewel Cichlid in Your Home Aquarium is manageable when you control the environment. Let the environment control itself and this fish exposes every weakness.

Fish Species to Avoid

When selecting home aquarium tank mates for your jewel cichlid, it’s best to avoid all fish species if you can, except a few semi-aggressive fish mentioned above.

In particular, peaceful aquarium fish species (for example, any goldfish species) should be avoided at all costs, as your jewelfish will harm them and will even eat or kill them. MBunas and Rift Lake Cichlids should be avoided as they are likely to be attacked and killed. 

What Do Jewelfish Eat?

Feeding jewel cichlids is fairly easy. As omnivorous freshwater fish, jewel fish will readily eat pellets, flake food, and live food as well.

You should aim to provide as balanced a diet as possible. This means mixing and matching different food types. You can also consider giving them vegetables such as lettuce leaves and spirulina. Frozen foods are alright once a week. If feeding pellets or flakes, consider one that contains probiotics like the Cobalt Aquatics line.

What about Live Foods?

Bloodworms, white worms, tubifex, and frozen baby brine shrimp are great live foods for jewel cichlids. Limit providing live foods to once a week.

How Much and How Often to Feed

You should aim to feed your jewel cichlids at least twice a day. Be careful not to overfeed them, however, and don’t confuse their voracious eating for constant hunger.

Feeding your jewel fish properly is crucial if you want them to retain their vivid coloration.

How to Set Up Your Fish Tank

Recreating the Africa habitat or breeding conditions of the jewelfish is not too difficult. Here’s all you need to know about how to set up the tank of your jewelfish.

 Tank Size

For one pair of jewel cichlids, a tank size of at least 30 gallons is required. For each new pair, add 20 gallons. If you put them in a community aquarium (not recommended), provide a tank divider. When your Jewel Cichlids are in breeding mode, consider removing other tank mates if your tank is on the small side. They are known for taking over 30 and 40 gallon tanks!

Substrate

A sandy substrate is best for these fish as they love to dig. Anything sharper will injure them.

Decor

Decorations are a necessity when rearing jewel fish, who are territorial and love to claim their own space. Provide rocks and aim to create cave-like conditions. Rocks with holes or caves are ideal to provide shelter.

Plants

These fish are curious and active fish who love to dig. So, they will get in the way of your aquarium plants thriving unless the plants are protected by rocks and such. Floating plants and column feeders like Anubias Nana and Java Fern would be good examples of plants that could work.

Water Quality

Here are the water conditions you need to ensure for your jewel cichlids

Filtration

Provide adequate filtration for your jewel cichlids to ensure that they can enjoy a water flow mimicking the currents of the streams and rivers they’re used to. They are particularly hardy. They do well with your standard power filter. 

Water Parameters

Maintain these water conditions in your home tank to ensure a healthy environment for your jewelfish.

• Water Temperature: 70°F to 74°F
• pH Range: 7 to 7.5
• Hardness Range: Not above 12 dGH
• Water Movement: Moderate to strong

Aquarium Maintenance

Besides ensuring the proper parameters for your cichlid aquarium, conduct regular water changes of 25% – 40%. Remember, the goal is to reduce your jewelfish’s aggression. Otherwise, their lifespan will be shortened.

How to Breed?

Breeding this species in tanks is relatively easy once you can determine their sex. As they are monogamous, cichlids form pairs quickly and easily during mating season, and once they are parents, they will stick together.

Breeding Tank

You can isolate your cichlid pair in a breeding aquarium, but it’s not necessary if you have just one pair. Gradually raise the water temperature from their regular temperature by a few degrees every day until you reach 80° to 82° F (or 26.7° – 27.8° C).

Breeding Behavior

When the male is ready, his color will become very vibrant, and he will become very aggressive. Like other cichlid species, the male will chase the female about the tank for a little bit until she lays eggs.

Once she’s ready, the female will search for the right place to lay her eggs. She will likely settle on a flat surface, typically a flat-faced rock. She will produce up to 500 eggs.

After Breeding

Once the eggs are fertilized, they will hatch within 2 to 4 days. After hatching, the jewelfish parents will help each other move their kids to a different part of the aquarium. During this time, the parents will be excessively aggressive in order to defend their young fish. 

Feeding Fry

Let the fry absorb the remainder of the egg yolk in the first few days. Afterward, feed them crushed flakes and mashed pellets. Don’t be distressed if the new parents eat some of their offspring. 

Health and Disease

Your jewel cichlid is, unfortunately, prone to the illnesses most freshwater cichlids are prone to. Here’s how to tell whether your jewelfish is healthy or needs care. 

Signs of Health

A healthy jewelfish is a happy one. A happy jewelfish is playful and active (is interpreted as aggression), burrowing in the substrate or flitting about their aquarium. Most significantly, healthy jewelfish retains its vibrant coloration. 

Signs of Ill Health

Here’s a list of several common issues you may come across

•  When a jewelfish is highly stressed, ill, or underfed, it will very likely lose its color. This is one of the most easily seen warning signs of this fish.
• Swelling, loss of appetite, rapid breathing, and differently colored feces are all symptoms of Malawi bloat, a condition that mostly affects African cichlids.
• Notice an indentation in the head of your jewel cichlid? He/she is suffering from hexamita, also known as “hole in the head” disease.
• Look out for ich, which manifests in symptoms like lethargy, loss of appetite, and restless behavior, but most importantly, white spots on the body of the fish.
• Labored breathing and a loss of color might indicate gill flukes.

All of these conditions are covered in our freshwater fish diseases post.

Common Health Issues and Treatment

One of the easiest ways to ensure that your jewel fish is healthy is to provide the required tank parameters with care. Feed them regularly, don’t overfeed, and provide a varied diet. This will keep most illnesses at bay.

Here’s how to deal with other diseases that will come up:

• If you think your jewelfish is suffering from Malawi bloat, act quickly. Change the tank’s water and introduce a dose of Metronidazole. However, know that Malawi bloat is a condition that quickly turns fatal, so don’t blame yourself if something goes wrong.
• Administer the same treatments for ich as you would for other cichlids: increased tank temperature, salt baths, potassium permanganate, acriflavine, and malachite green.
• If you suspect your fish is suffering from gill flukes, use Praziquantel.

Where to Buy?

Compared to other cichlid breeds, the jewelfish is a little harder to buy in brick-and-mortar pet shops. They will also be a little more expensive. If you cannot find them locally, try using an online fish store. Often times, their guarantee will be superior to what you can find locally.

Frequently Asked Questions

What It Is Actually Like Living With How to Care for a Jewel Cichlid in Your Home Aquarium

A properly stocked How to Care for a Jewel Cichlid in Your Home Aquarium tank is one of the most active, dynamic setups in the hobby. There is always something happening.

The aggression is structured, not random. Once territories are established, the tank settles into a pattern. Disrupting that pattern restarts the conflict.

Watching How to Care for a Jewel Cichlid in Your Home Aquarium interact is endlessly entertaining. These are smart fish with complex social dynamics.

What It Is Actually Like Living With Jewel Cichlid

A jewel cichlid tank is never boring. These fish are always doing something. Patrolling territory, displaying to each other, digging in the substrate, or staring you down through the glass. They have more personality per inch than most fish three times their size. You will catch yourself talking to them, and you will not feel weird about it.

The color display during breeding is the highlight. Both parents intensify to a deep, glowing red covered in iridescent blue-white spots. It looks like someone painted them. The male flares and displays while the female fans the eggs, and the entire tank seems to pulse with energy. It is one of the most visually spectacular things that happens in a freshwater aquarium.

The aggression is the price of admission. During breeding, you cannot do tank maintenance without getting bitten. You reach in with a siphon and both parents charge your hand. It does not hurt much, but it is startling every time. Other fish in the tank learn to stay in their corners or suffer the consequences. You accept this or you remove the jewels. There is no peaceful coexistence during a breeding cycle.

Closing Thoughts

Jewel cichlids do not have tank mates. They have targets.

Even our dearest loved ones are sometimes obnoxious, we don’t stop loving them. Try to adopt the same approach to your jewel cichlids. Maintaining their behavior is difficult, but maintaining their diet and water parameters is easy. And the end result is definitely rewarding. Good luck!

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📘 Want to learn more? This article is part of our complete Freshwater Fish Guide. Your ultimate resource for freshwater species, care tips, tank setup, and more.

Ranchu Goldfish are the most selectively bred fancy goldfish variety. That breeding comes at a cost. They are slow swimmers, poor competitors for food, and sensitive to water quality swings.

Ranchus are not for beginners. They are for goldfish keepers who already understand filtration, water changes, and feeding.

Considered the “King of Goldfish” by the Japanese, Ranchu goldfish are among the oldest and most popular fancy goldfish. They hold a special place in the minds of many goldfish enthusiasts, thanks to their unique appearance. An aquarium teeming with these beautiful fish is sure to enhance the aesthetic appeal of just about any place, be it your home or your office!

So, if you’re looking to keep fancy goldfish, you should consider Ranchu Goldfish. They are available in various shapes and colors to make your fish tank appear lavish and elegant. Keep reading to learn more about these incredible fancy goldfish, as we will provide all the necessary information on how to properly care for your King (or Queen).

A Brief Overview of Ranchu Goldfish

Scientific Name	Carassius Auratus Auratus
Common Names	Maruko, Buffalo-head Goldfish, Korean Goldfish
Family	Cyprinidae
Origin	Japan
Diet	Omnivore
Care Level	Moderate
Activity	Moderately Active
Lifespan	10 to 15 Years
Temperament	Peaceful
Tank Level	Medium
Minimum Tank Size	20 Gallons
Temperature Range	65°F to 72°F
Water Hardness	4-20 dGH
pH Range	6.5 to 7.5
Filtration/Water Flow	Moderate
Water Type	Freshwater
Breeding	Egg-layer
Difficulty to Breed	Moderate
Compatibility	Compatible with Other Slow-Moving Fancy Goldfish
OK, for Planted Tanks?	With Caution

Origins and Habitat

The story of Ranchu Goldfish (Carassius auratus) begins in ancient Japan, unlike other fancy goldfish that began in ancient China. They were developed from Chinese Lionhead Goldfish by skilled Japanese breeders. Today, modern day Ranchu Goldfish is found almost anywhere in the world, not just in China or Japan.

Ranchu’s aren’t wild fish, so we must look at their ancestors to learn about their natural habitat.

Like any other goldfish, they descended from an old species of wild carp, known commonly as the Gibel Carp, Silver Prussian carp, or simply Prussian Carp.

These wild carp thrive in slow-moving, slightly cold waters of ponds, lakes, and rivers. Ranchus also prefer similar water conditions and share a lot of traits with Prussian Carp and other goldfish.

What Does Ranchu Goldfish Look like?

It’s quite easy to identify Ranchu Goldfish as they have a rather unusual head growth, an egg-shaped body with a deeper belly, and a horizontally spreading caudal (tail) fin. Looking from the top view, they look a lot like moving worms when swimming. That’s where the name “Ranchu” comes from (which literally means “dutch worm” in Japanense).

Another striking feature of the Ranchu goldfish species is that they don’t have any dorsal fin, much like their Lionhead counterpart. However, Ranchus come with arched backs, unlike the flat backs of Lionhead specimens. Initially bred for top view, they look just as impressive when viewed from the sides nowadays.

They are available in a wide variety of colors, ranging from red, white, orange, blue to bi-colors like red-and-white, black and red, black and white, etc. Their scales is metallic, matte, or nacreous. So, a couple of differently-colored Ranchus will make your aquarium colorful and lively! Black ranchu goldfish are one of my personal favorites.

These fish are comparatively more delicate than other goldfish because of their unique anatomy. So, they are probably not the best option for beginner aquarists. Overall, the beautiful appearance and the unique swimming style of the Ranchu goldfish make them the perfect candidate for any goldfish aquarium.  

The rounded body and the lack of dorsal fin reduce the amount of control Ranchus have over their body when swimming. So, they can’t swim as efficiently as others. Swimming is more tiring for them as well, as you will often see them moving slowly and resting now and then to regain energy. Moreover, the wen or the head growth covers their eyes and makes it harder for them to see.

As a result, Ranchus aren’t good at competing for food. In a tank with fast swimmers and aggressive fish, they will be unable to feed and thrive. The Ranchu goldfish cannot tolerate pollution at all. They will be quick to pick up diseases if the water isn’t clean enough.

Thanks to their rounded body shape, they are highly vulnerable to swim bladder disease. Furthermore, the wen can easily get infected. If you don’t keep a Ranchu goldfish in a well-maintained fish tank with a high-quality aquarium filter, they won’t thrive. It doesn’t take much to stress them out and put them into shock. Their care requirements are much higher than others, so make sure to be extra careful and put more effort.

Brine shrimp, Daphnia, tubifex worms, blood worms, black worms, etc., are some of the most suitable foods for Ranchus. You should minimize the use of live foods as they often contain bacteria and parasites that can make them sick. Ranchus take longer to feed as they have poor vision due to their head growth. You will have to feed them several times a day but remember not to overfeed.

A favorite food staple is soaked pellets or freeze fried food supplemented with vita-chem. This is a great way to add much needed nutrients to common foods. Probiotics are also becoming more common place with food manufacturers with Companies like Cobalt leading the charge.

Can They Live Alone?

The Ranchu, like any other goldfish, can live a long life in solitude. This breed of fish doesn’t mind living alone as long as they get enough food and decent water quality.  However, they are social animals, and they can benefit from social interaction. Ranchus love playing around with other fish as they enjoy companionship.

They love being social in groups. In fact, check out super-cute video of Ranchu goldfish playing football (As reported by the South China Morning Post) to see how fun they is to have around.

They will be visibly happier if you keep them together with other tank mates that won’t compete with them or harass them. So, it’s better to introduce similar types of fish in a Ranchu aquarium if you want the best for them. They do great in an all goldfish tank full of other fancy goldfish varieties.

How Big Can They Grow? What Tank Size Is Right for Them?

Fancy fish like the Ranchu Goldfish are developed to impress you with their shapes, not their sizes. With that being said, the average length of adult Ranchus is around 5”. However, under the right water conditions, they can grow even larger, up to 8 inches!

Learning the size is important because it determines what the tank size that houses them should be. You must make sure to provide them enough room where they can swim freely. In general, the minimum requirement for housing one full-grown Ranchu is 20 gallons.

However, you should start with 20-30 gallons if you want to ensure maximum comfort for your prized fish. Increase the tank size by 10-gallons every time you bring a new fish into the tank. Larger tanks are recommended because that will provide more space for them to swim, and you won’t have to deal with water changes as frequently.

Taking care of Ranchus will undoubtedly pay off. Even though these fish have low tolerance, they will stay healthy and active for a long time as long as you provide for them.

Additionally, you should keep them under constant monitoring. Look for any signs of diseases or discomfort. Perform water changes as often as required. If you notice any difference in their bodies, take action quickly to prevent them from suffering or dying.

Are They Aggressive?

The Ranchu Goldfish is anything but aggressive. They have an incredibly peaceful temperament, and they are rather friendly and cheerful. Their unique structure prevents them from being violent, anyway. For instance, they can’t swim all that fast and tire out pretty easily. They can’t see clearly with their eyes, often due to the growth in their heads. You won’t see them fighting other fish for food because they aren’t equipped to compete.

However, Ranchus do enjoy foraging for food. Make sure not to choose aggressive fishes as their tank mates if you don’t want your goldfish to struggle for survival and fail. They get along pretty well with other similarly morphed goldfish. You can feel free to house them together in an aquarium. Rest assured, they will not transform your tank into the Colosseum and fight each other to death!

How Much Do They Cost?

The price may also vary depending on factors like the size, source, age, etc. In general, you should be able to get your hands on one of them for 5 to 25 dollars from any local pet store or local breeders. However Japan’s “King of Goldfish” has garnered a lot of popularity over the decades with its fancy appearance. Ranchus are prized by many aquarists all over the world, and they are definitely in demand.

The most expensive Ranchus will be shipped directly from Japan or China. These are the most prized of all Ranchus and earn their moniker of “King of Goldfish. These types of Ranchus will easily commander prices of over $50 and can get much more expensive! Importing is how you obtain Ranchu Goldfish developed for competing in various Japanese shows. The video below by hendrink Nursalim shows a competition level Ranchu competing in Aquarama in 2011.

Competition Ranchu Goldfish tend to have more defining features, and their price can range from hundreds to thousands of dollars! You don’t need them unless you’re in the Ranchu Goldfish Enthusiasts category and planning to win one of those competitions. You will have to spend quite some money taking care of these types of goldfish, which you should consider.

No matter what type of fish you get, you must invest in creating and maintaining a proper diet plan for keeping them healthy. Rest assured, they are definitely worth the price.

Tank Requirement

If you’re a goldfish enthusiast, chances are you’ve already got a fancy goldfish aquarium. It might just be the perfect one for the king of goldfish from Japan! A Ranchu will flourish in a tank with slow-moving clean water, with suitable temperatures (65°. 72°). The recommended aquarium size for a single Ranchu is 20 to 30 gallons.

The pH range must be within 6.5 to 7.5, while the hardness range should be around 5 to 19 dGH. Make sure to keep the levels of ammonia, and nitrite close to zero. Nitrate should be maintained below 40 PPM.

Filtration and Water Quality

There should be a functioning water filtration system for these fish. Given the delicate nature of this fish, You should elect at minimum a quality hang on the back filter for smaller aquariums.

For larger fancy goldfish setups, you should consider an oversized canister filter to manage nitrates with a quality all-in-one biomedia like BioHome. Setting your filtration up like this ensure you have the most stable water quality to keep your Ranchus in excellent health.

Goldfish Tank Environment

For creating a comfortable and natural environment, you should add a sand or fine gravel substrate. Ensure it’s safe and doesn’t pose any choking hazard because your fish will regularly dig around that part as they like foraging for food.

Feel free to decorate your aquarium but refrain from using anything with sharp edges and protruding tips. If you are using artificial plants, consider silk plants. If you are using aquarium rocks, consider rocks without sharp edges or round ones. Driftwood should be avoided unless you are rounding out edges and ensuring there is plenty of open room to swim.

You can add a variety of plants to make the environment appear more natural. Due to their digging habit, live plants may not always be suitable. Some great plants to consider for fancy goldfish would include:

• Java Fern
• Anubias
• Java Moss
• Water Sprite

Make sure to anchor your plants to rocks instead of the substrate. The difficulty with plants is why many choose to go with artificial plants.

The Ranchu has no dorsal fin. That is not decoration. It is a limitation. Swimming is harder, competing for food is harder, and keeping one with faster fish is a mistake.

Tank Mates

You must be careful in choosing suitable tank mates for the Ranchu Goldfish. They are best paired with other fancy goldfish such as:

• Black Moor Goldfish
• Oranda Goldfish
• Pearlscale Goldfish
• Fantail Goldfish
• Ryukin Goldfish

Final Words

Ranchu goldfish stand out easily from other fish aided by their unique body. The wen on their head, combined with their round body, and arched backs make them look special. You will be impressed at how lovely they appear when swimming, thanks to the horizontally spreading double tail.

If you take good care of these fish, your aquarium will be rightly populated with one of the fanciest goldfish you can find on the market. They will stay with you for a long time and keep you entertained! Ranchus keep a goldfish tank lively and entertaining. Consider adding these beautiful creatures! Leave a comment below if you think that we should add more information on how to care for them in this blog post.

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📘 Want to learn more? This article is part of our complete Freshwater Fish Guide. Your ultimate resource for freshwater species, care tips, tank setup, and more.

Black Moor Goldfish have telescope eyes that make them nearly blind in competitive feeding situations. They are slow, clumsy, and get outcompeted by every other goldfish variety.

Never mix black moors with single-tail goldfish. The moors will lose every feeding competition.

Have you just purchased your first Black Moor Goldfish? Congratulations on being a new fish parent and thank you for taking the time to research how to care for them. You will find that not only are they easy to take care of, but their beautiful colors make them a great addition to any home or office.

Of all the fancy goldfish which have attracted the interest of the home aquariums of beginner aquarists, one the most distinct aquarium fish is undoubtedly the black moor goldfish. Named for its beautiful black coloring, this is a peaceful type of goldfish that is very easy and rewarding to care for. What distinguishes the black moor from other fancy goldfish types are, mainly, its “dragon” eyes. As one of the telescope goldfish, these fish have eyes with a comic and endearing bulging appearance.

It’s important to follow the proper care specifications in order to ensure a long and healthy life for your new friends: here’s my comprehensive guide to black moor goldfish care.

A Brief Overview of the Black Moor Goldfish

Scientific Name	Carassius Auratus
Common Names	Black Moor Goldfish, Dragon Eye Goldfish, Black Demekin, Black Peony Goldfish, Telescope Goldfish
Family	Cyprinidae
Origin	China and Japan
Diet	Omnivore
Care Level	Easy
Activity	Moderately Active
Lifespan	10. 15 years
Temperament	Peaceful
Tank Level	All levels, mainly mid level
Minimum Tank Size	20 gallon aquarium
Temperature Range	65ºF to 72ºF
KH	4-20
pH Range	6.5 to 7.5
Filtration/Water Flow	Moderate
Water Type	Freshwater
Breeding	Lay eggs seasonally, is hand spawned
Difficulty to Breed	Moderate
Compatibility	Peaceful community species, best with other Fancy Goldfish
OK for Planted Tanks?	Mostly No

Origins and Habitat

Like all goldfish carassius auratus, the lineage of the black moor has its beginnings in the Prussian carp, a wild carp specimen found in parts of North America, Europe and most notably, Asia. The first incidence of carp being caught and domesticated, however, occurred in China.

The black moor goldfish is a result of selective fish breeding done in China and Japan to obtain and retain its defining genetic abnormality: telescope eyes. This was done by confining fish with such eyes to a single pond, leading to a larger spawn. The unqiue black coloring and long tail fins of the black moor were thus bred into permanence.

What Does they Look Like?

With bulging eyes and a metallic coat of black scales, the black moor goldfish has an easily recognizable appearance:

Body

Like many other fancy goldfish, the body of the black moor goldfish is rotund, with an egg shape. This is offset by their beautiful tail and anal fins, which are long, graceful and flowing. Meanwhile, their pectoral and dorsal fins tend to be larger.

Color

The black moor goldfish gets its name from the distinct, fully black coloration of its scales. However, this beautiful metallic black color is not seen until they get older. As a juvenile, the scales of a black moor goldfish have a color more accurately described as dark bronze. Beyond maturity, when it begins aging, a black moor’s fins may turn grayish, but don’t begrudge them for not staying true to their name.

Eyes

And now for the best part of the black moor goldfish: its large, bulging eyes, which are quite fittingly called telescope eyes (and alternatively, dragon eyes). As they age, black moor goldfish’s eyes tend to get bigger. So, if you look into a tank full of these fish, you can easily pick out the eldest among them by the size of his or her eyes. The bulging eyes phenomenon is a result of intraocular pressure, which causes the fancy goldfish to, ironically, have very weak eyesight. 

Gender Differences

Telling the sex of a black moor is decidedly difficult, although males do tend to be smaller than females. During mating season, however, the fins of a male black moor goldfish is covered with breeding tubercles, which look like little white bumps.

Temperament and Activity Level

Whether you put your black moors in with other tank mates or in a community tank, you will be pleased by their friendly and peaceful temperament. That said, the best course of action is to put these slow swimmers in with a shoal of other black moors.

Not only that, but their low activity level also makes black moor goldfish care easy: these fancy goldfish like to simply swim back and forth across their tank without bothering any other fish. You’ll often find them swimming leisurely in the middle of the tank, although you shouldn’t be surprised to see your fish concealing him or herself in the decorations or in the substrate.

What are Good Tank Mates?

Choose the members of your aquarium carefully. As these fish are fragile and peaceful goldfish carassius auratus, their chosen companions should have a similar disposition and set of traits. This is a very important aspect of black moor goldfish care as it ensures that your fish won’t be bullied or injured. This is not only limited to fin nipping but extends to their eyes, which are easily injured.

Good Tank Mates

For non-fish the best tankmates would be:

• White Cloud Minnows
• Dojo Loach
• Giant Danios

Many fish available will need different water temperature requirements. Peaceful and schooling fish like minnows your Goldfish may try to eat, but they are are fast enough to get away and not be stressed out in larger tanks. You will need to worry about feeding though as fancy goldfish are slow swimmers and eaters.

Black Moors have terrible eyesight. Tank decorations with sharp edges become hazards. The tank you build for this fish has to account for what it cannot see.

The best tank mates for a black moor goldfish would be other goldfish of the fancy variety, such as:

• Fantail goldfish
• Lionhead goldfish
• Oranda Goldfish
• Pearscale Goldfish
• Ranchu Goldfish

Inverts like freshwater shrimp are going to be a bad idea. While shrimp is fast enough to get away, the stress of being constantly chased could make them jump out of the tank. Snails would be a better choice with nerite and the mystery variety being known to coexist peacefully with your black moors.

Fish Species to Avoid

You should at all costs avoid pairing your black moor with territorial or aggressive goldfish varieties. Such types of fish are known to nip at the long flowing fins of black moors, which can cause fin rot. It can also be quite stressful for black moors to try and avoid aggressive tank mates, which in turn might affect their health and lifespan. Such tankmates that do not pair well with Goldfish would be Cichlids.

What Do Carassius Auratus Eat?

Most goldfish varieties are omnivorous fish, which means they is fed food of the meat as well as plant variety. Although this extends your range of options, you should also be warned that, as fish with big and hungry appetites, your black moors are liable to start feeding on anything you put in your aquarium.

Dry pellets and flakes can easily be fed to a black moor. That said, you should also aim to create variety in their diet to ensure good health. You can feed them vegetables such as broccoli, spinach and lettuce. Make sure to stream your veggies before introducing as this sterilizes them. Specialized frozen foods are highly recommended as they offer the best nutritional value you can get in the hobby. High protein foods help to bring out the black coloration of these fish quicker.

What About Live Foods?

As carnivores, black moors take well to certain easily digestible freeze-dried live foods or frozen live foods, such as blackworms, bloodworms, brine shrimp, tubifex worms, and daphnia (brine shrimp has the lowest nutritional value of all I mentioned). Before feeding freeze-dried foods to your black moors, however, you should soak the food in some aquarium water first to facilitate a smoother digestion process. Soaking with supplements like Vita-Chem will help boost the nutritional content of the food.

How Much and How Often to Feed

Most goldfish carassis auratus varieties should be given food several times a day (though most fish keepers can only do twice a day), and the same is true for the black moor goldfish carassius auratus. But keeping their big appetite in mind, it’s also important not to overfeed your black moors. Their internal organs are squeezed into a compact body, which can lead to fatal digestive problems such as constipation, when the fish is given excessive food.

Moreover, be sure to eliminate any leftover food so as to keep the water unpolluted and safe for your fish to live and thrive in. Using a rule of thumb of only feeding what your fish can eat in 2 minutes is a good guideline to work with.

How to Set Up Your Fish Tank

Remember, goldfish are descended from carps. As such, it’s best to try to ensure a tank environment that closely mimics the natural habitat of a carb. Black moors have weak eyesight and love to feed on almost any small object they find, which is important to keep in mind. Murky, moderately brackish water with a gravel substrate should be a good fit for your black moors.

Furthermore, considering that they are weak swimmers, the optimal tank shape for them is long rather than tall. This gives them more swimming space. If it’s tall, it is harder for black moors to reach any food on the surface.

Minimum Tank Size Considerations

Despite their relatively small size, these fish do take up a lot of space due to their long and large fins. So, for a single black moor goldfish, you should provide at least a 20 gallon aquarium. Then, for every new fish you add, you should add another 10 gallons.

Substrate

Care should be taken when selecting substrates for goldfish. Goldfish will regularly dig in the substrate and with their large mouths, it is easy for them to accidentally shallow gravel. I would recommend a sandy substrate for goldfish as this allows them to forgage freely and split out any sand bits as they dig around the tank.

Decor

Despite their slow swimming speed, black moors are big eaters who are prone to nibbling on almost anything they find. So, it’s best to avoid putting a lot of tank décor in their aquarium. They might just start chewing on it. That said, if you must include decor, ensure that they have smooth surfaces and don’t have any sharp or protruding edges. It’s best to steer clear of driftwood and sharp rocks.

Plants

As they are known diggers, don’t be surprised if your fish start digging up any live plants you’ve planted in their substrate. The best way to work around their digging nature is to attach plants to aquarium rocks. You need to be selective on your plants though, as goldfish will eat many live plants and their temperature requirements are not compatible with most plants.

The safest plants to use on goldfish would be:

• Java Fern
• Anubias
• Java Moss
• Hortwort
• Water Sprite

All the plants above are beginner aquarium plants, so you can still maintain a easy to keep tank! You can also use artifical plants. Silk plants are better to use than plastic ones as they will lack the sharp edges that will harm your fish.

Water Quality (Care)

Here are the specifics of maintaining optimal water quality.

Filtration

It’s recommended to include an efficient filter in your black moor’s tank. This ensures that the water stays clear, which is important since black moors produce a lot of waste. For smaller tanks a quality hang on filter like an aquaclear or seachem tidal would work well.

For larger tanks, it would be best to consider using a well made canister filter. Goldfish are bulky and large. This size makes them hard on your bioload. A canister filter is designed to handle large bioloads. With goldfish tanks, I would recommend loading up on a quality biological media that can process nitrates. I feel Biohome Ultimate Filter Media is the best complete filtration media when it comes to high bio-load non-planted tanks.

Water Parameters

As black moors are an artificially bred species, there is no exact habitat you can replicate for them. However, we do know that their black color appears more quickly in low water temperatures. So don’t set the tank up in any room that get hot, or near any heat source (e.g. A fireplace), as this will affect water temperatures. They also benefit from neutral pH levels. Let’s look at some specifics of water conditions for these freshwater fish:

• Water Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F  / 18.3 to 22.2° C
• pH Range: 6.0 – 7.5
• Lighting: Strong lighting is required to help your ocularly impaired fish.
• Hardness Range: 5 – 19 dGH
• Salinity: Below 10%; specific gravity should be below 1.002
• Water Movement: Moderate

Aquarium Maintenance

It’s of utmost importance to ensure clean water conditions for your fish as it directly affects their health. About 20% of the water should be changed on a monthly basis to keep phosphate and nitrate levels at a healthy level. What’s more, it’s recommended to make use of a gravel siphon to remove elements such as organic debris and sludge.

Test Water Conditions

If you’re committed to ensuring a long life for your fish, you should invest in an aquarium test kit. It allows you to determine whether the mentioned water parameters are being maintained properly in your black moor’s tank. 

How to Breed

It’s relatively easy to breed black moors on your own in a tank. To get your black moors to mate and start laying eggs, create the following conditions.

Breeding Tank Setup

Start by moving your pair of breeding black moors to a separate tank (video by All Blue Amante Del Pesce). You should aim to ensure that there are adequate surfaces such as plants and decor for the female to lay eggs when it’s time.

Breeding Temperature

Once your fish are in their tank, start by slowly lowering the temperature to 60° F (15.5° C). Then, gradually increase the water temperature by 3° daily until your fish look ready to mate. You should also make daily water changes of 20%. This will bring on spawning season.

After Breeding

Once your female fish lays her eggs, the male will go on to fertilize them. This process involves a courtship ritual in which the male chases the female around for some time. This might take several hours and you might see as many as 10,000 eggs in the tank by the end of it. Once the eggs appear, swiftly remove the pair back into their original tank as they will otherwise eat the eggs.

Feeding Your Fry

In a week, you’ll have black moor fancy goldfish babies. Congrats, you’ve unlocked a new level in fish keeping! Keep feeding them foods high in protein and iron until they take on an adult size. In about two months, you can start feeding them the same food you give to their parents.

Health and Disease

Concerned about the health of your freshwater fish? Here’s what you need to know if you have a sick fish.

Signs of Health

If your fancy goldfish are swimming about normally, that’s a good indicator of health. They should be regularly eating and should sign good colors and believing should not be labored.

Signs of Ill Health

Here are the three main indicators of poor health in your black moor goldfish that anyone practicing fish keeping should know:

• Their appearance. Note whether there is any dull coloration, color changes, or colorless patches. If you notice any significant color changes, your black moors is suffering from velvet disease or skin disease.
• Their movements. Healthy goldfish swim and bob along the middle of the tank. So if you see that they are sitting at the bottom of the tank or floating on the surface, they is afflicted by swim bladder.
• Their appetite. If you notice that your goldfish is not eating properly, they is suffering from ich, which occurs when there is a parasitic protozoan in the body of the fish. In advanced cases, you might also notice white spots, rapid breathing, and isolation.

Common Health Issues and Treatment

Like all common freshwater fish, black moors are at risk of being inflicted by ich, fin rot, fungus, and flukes. With their long fins, they are particularly likely to catch fin rot. However, this is prevented if you maintain a high quality of water in their tank.

If you suspect a swim bladder (symptoms discussed above), check out my freshwater fish diseases post. There is a great video and explanation on treatment and alternative long-term solutions like fabricated “wheel chairs” that hobbyists have used to save their fish.

As a telescopic goldfish breed with poor eyesight, black moors are prone to eye diseases caused by fungi and bacteria (particularly if their tank is not clean and well-maintained). When handling your black moors, always be very cautious so as not to accidentally injure or damage their eyes.

It’s important to keep ammonia and nitrate levels low in your black moor’s goldfish tank. To ensure this, you should aim to replace about 25% of the water volume on a weekly basis. You need to increase the volume based on your test results. Regularly testing your water with an aquarium test kit will help you adjust your water change routine to manage nitrates.

Where to Buy

Black moor goldfish are quite inexpensive and are commonly found. You can find them in chain pet stores. However, I would recommend you either purchase at a specialty local fish store or if you cannot find a good one in your area, looking into an online fish store.

Frequently Asked Questions

Closing Thoughts

This fascinating fish might make it seem like they’re difficult to care for, but a species like the black moor goldfish makes it obvious that that’s a misconception. As long as you can commit to ensure optimal tank standards, and don’t place them with any aggressive fish species, your gentle and beautiful black moors will stay by your side for at least 10 years! I hope you’ve found this guide helpful in understanding black moor goldfish care. Your feedback would be appreciated, so please leave a comment below!

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📘 Want to learn more? This article is part of our complete Freshwater Fish Guide. Your ultimate resource for freshwater species, care tips, tank setup, and more.

The Pearlscale Goldfish is not a beginner fish. It is a cold-water species that produces enormous waste, needs real filtration, and outgrows most tanks within a year. I have kept goldfish in ponds and large tanks for over 25 years. Here is the honest care guide most people need before buying one.

A goldfish in a bowl is not thriving. It is slowly suffocating.

Goldfish live 10 to 15 years, sometimes longer. This is a decade-long commitment to large water volumes, heavy filtration, and consistent maintenance.

A goldfish kept properly is more impressive than most tropical fish. The problem is almost nobody keeps them properly.

Table of Contents

• What Most Care Guides Get Wrong About Pearlscale Goldfish
• Species Overview
• Classification
• Origins and Habitat
• What Does the Pearlscale Goldfish Look Like?
• Temperament and Activity Level
• What are Good Tank Mates?
• What do They Eat?
• Tank Requirements
• Pearscale Goldfish Care (Water Quality)
• How to Set Up Your Fish Tank
• How to Breed
• Health and Disease
• Common Health Issues and Treatment
• Where to Buy
• Is the Pearlscale Goldfish Right for You?
• How the Pearlscale Goldfish Compares to Similar Species
• Closing Thoughts
• The Reality of Keeping Pearlscale Goldfish

Pearlscale goldfish are one of the most distinctive fancy varieties you’ll encounter. Those raised, dome-shaped scales genuinely do look like pearls, and the round, almost spherical body is unlike any other goldfish. I’ve covered dozens of goldfish types on our YouTube channel over the years, and the pearlscale is always one that surprises people who haven’t seen it before. That said, after 25 years in this hobby I want to be upfront: that beautiful round body comes with real care considerations. Pearlscales are prone to swim bladder issues, especially when overfed or kept on a poor diet. They’re also slow swimmers that absolutely cannot share a tank with single-tailed goldfish varieties. This guide covers everything you need to keep pearlscales healthy long-term.

What Most Care Guides Get Wrong About Pearlscale Goldfish

Most guides call Pearlscales easy and move on. What they skip is the body shape. That distinctive round, compressed form (the feature that makes Pearlscales so visually striking) directly drives their vulnerabilities. The compressed body competes for internal space with the swim bladder, making Pearlscales more prone to buoyancy issues than any other fancy goldfish variety. The pearl-like scales, once lost from injury or infection, don’t fully regenerate. And their round, slow-moving bodies can’t compete in a tank with faster fish during feeding time.

The second mistake is tankmate selection. You cannot keep Pearlscales with comets, common goldfish, or any faster fancy variety without managing feeding separately. In my 25+ years in the hobby, this is the most consistent failure point for Pearlscale keepers: they add one faster fish and watch the Pearlscale slowly lose condition as it loses every food competition.

The Reality of Keeping Pearlscale Goldfish

Tank size requirements are not negotiable. A single fancy goldfish needs at minimum 20 gallons. A single-tail variety like a comet needs 40 gallons minimum, and realistically belongs in a pond. The one-gallon-per-inch rule does not apply to goldfish.

Filtration needs to be oversized. Goldfish produce more ammonia than tropical fish of the same size. Your filter should be rated for at least double your actual tank volume. A 40-gallon tank with goldfish needs filtration rated for 75 to 100 gallons.

They are cold-water fish that do not need heaters. Goldfish thrive between 65 and 72 degrees. Putting them in a heated tropical tank stresses them and shortens their lifespan. Room temperature water is fine for most homes.

Biggest Mistake New Owners Make

Putting a goldfish in a small bowl or tank without filtration. Goldfish produce massive amounts of waste. Without proper filtration, ammonia levels spike within days and the fish suffers organ damage long before it shows visible symptoms.

Expert Take

The best goldfish keepers I know run heavy filtration and do large weekly water changes. There is no shortcut or trick that replaces those two fundamentals.

Species Overview

Scientific Name	Carassius Auratus
Common Names	Golfball pearlscale, pearlscale goldfish, ping-pong goldfish
Family	Cyprinidae
Origin	China
Diet	Omnivore
Care Level	Easy
Activity	Moderately Active
Lifespan	5 to 10 Years
Temperament	Peaceful
Tank Level	All levels
Minimum Tank Size	20 Gallons
Water Temperature Range	65°F to 75°F
KH	4-20
pH Range	6.5 to 7.5
Filtration/Water Flow	Moderate
Water Type	Freshwater
Breeding	Egg layers, is bred in both small and large groups, is hand spawned
Difficulty to Breed	Moderate
Compatibility	Peaceful community species, best with other Fancy Goldfish
OK for Planted Tanks?	Mostly No

Classification

Taxonomic Rank	Classification
Common Name	Pearlscale Goldfish
Scientific Name	Carassius auratus
Order	Cypriniformes
Family	Cyprinidae
Genus	Carassius
Species	C. Auratus

Origins and Habitat

Originating in the early 20th century, the pearlscale goldfish is a relatively new addition to the family of fancy goldfish. Unlike the slender common goldfish, the Chinshurin (as is their Japanese name) have an adorable rounded body, which increases their popularity.

Most species of goldfish are bred in China or Japan. However, modern day pearlscale goldfish are bred and developed mainly in England. But like most fancy goldfish, ping-pong goldfish are bred and kept all over the world. Because there are specially bred goldfish, there are no Pearlscale fish in existence in the wild.

What Does the Pearlscale Goldfish Look Like?

There are many ways to tell goldfish pearlscale apart from others:

Body

One of the first things you’ll notice when you lay your eyes on a pearlscale goldfish is its egg shaped round belly (many also compare it to a golf ball), which is offset especially by its compact and stubby body. In fact, this roundness is what inspires the “ping-pong goldfish” moniker.

Accompanying the short and rounded body are beautiful fins that flow ethereally in the water. They have a single dorsal fin, while the rest of the fins are paired. Of these, the twin tailed fin is the most remarkable, as it has a forked appearance.

The wen fish or crown pearlscale goldfish (named for the crown atop their head) have a slightly different appearance, with large and distinct bubbles on their heads. These is given the name of high-headed or hooded pearlscales.

Scales

What truly sets the pearlscale goldfish apart are its distinct scales, which are nacreous (reflective and translucent tissue). These scales are caused by calcium carbonate deposits due to a genetic mutation. Arranged in visually pleasing rows, these scales have a shiny and luminescent appearance that have a pearl like appearance (and hence the name!), and a bead-like texture.

You won’t see these pretty nacreous scales until your goldfish are older, however. To the untrained eye, young fish of this goldfish species is difficult to tell apart from the common goldfish.

Color

The golfball pearlscale goldfish comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns. Most commonly found are solid colored specimens, which is covered in white, red, blue or black. Calico and chocolate brown varieties are also found of this beautiful freshwater pearlscale fish. There are many types of pearlscale goldfish available. The video below from Molly Babe Aquatics gives a great example of the variety out there.

Temperament and Activity Level

One of the reasons why pearlscales are so popular as pets is their docile and peaceful temperament. Furthermore, they’re slow moving, slow swimmers. Because of this, they are relatively low-maintenance, and they don’t exhibit aggression.

Pearlscale goldfish are quite easy-going compared to other freshwater fish, preferring to spend their days swimming about slowly (unlike, for example, wakin goldfish who are known for fast swimming). However, just because they’re not fast swimmers doesn’t mean they have a low activity level: sometimes, they like to explore and play, so it’s a good idea to put them in a sizeable goldfish only tank.

What are Good Tank Mates?

Thinking of putting some pearlscale goldfish into an existing aquarium? Consider what fish make good tank mates for them, and which ones don’t:

Good Tank Mates

If you have a peaceful community aquarium, great news! Some pearlscale goldfish will make a wonderful addition to it, as they can cohabitate easily with other fancy goldfish and docile freshwater fish. Here are some good tank mates for pearlscale goldfish:

• Black moor goldfish (or other telescope goldfish)
• Fantail Goldfish
• Oranda Goldfish
• Lionhead goldfish
• Ranchu Goldfish

Other than fish, certain snail species also go well with pearlscales, such as mystery and nerite snails.

Fish Species to Avoid

As mentioned before, goldfish pearlscales are slow swimmers. As such, it’s important to keep them away from fast swimming and aggressive fish, because they might end up nipping at the fins of your pearlscales and out competing them for food. Accordingly, here are some fish species you should avoid putting in with your pearlscales:

• Comet goldfish
• Wakin goldfish
• Shubunkin goldfish (pictured above)
• Koi Fish

Furthermore, note that many tropical fish should not share the same aquarium as your pearlscales, as they have different temperature requirements. Even if no fin-nipping occurs with tank mates, feeding time will be difficult for your pearlscale goldfish if the tank mates are fast.

Pearlscales love vegetables, such as cucumbers, frozen peas (as well as deshelled peas), and lettuce. These are great for pearlscales as they keep intestinal problems (such as constipation) at bay. Make sure to steam vegetables before feeding them to fish to sterilize them

Furthermore, limit protein for your pearlscales; it should make up only about 30% of their diet. Excessive protein can cause health complications for pearlscales.

What About Live Foods?

You can include live foods in your pearlscale’s diet every now and again. Brine shrimp, Daphnia, blood worms, blackworms, or Tubifex worms are good live food options for your pearlscale goldfish. Keep in mind the risks of diseases when feeding live food. The safest way to feed live food is to cultivate your own, but this is not for everyone.

How Much and How Often to Feed

A balanced and healthy diet for a pearlscale goldfish will be one made up of a mix of high quality frozen, pellets, and flakes which are given to them at least twice a day. Only feed what your fish can eat in 2 minutes to avoid any excess food in the tank.

Tank Requirements

Fish Tank Size

The recommended minimum size for a pearlscale goldfish aquarium is 20 gallons. Even better if you can make it 30.

This is because, although they’re weak swimmers and slower swimmers than other similar goldfish species, pearlscales do like to swim around their aquarium. More importantly, they need a lot of oxygen and produce a lot of waste. A general rule of thumb is to add 10 gallons of tank capacity for every one fancy goldfish after the first 30 gallons.

Tank Setup

Here are some particulars on setting up a freshwater aquarium for your pearlscale.

Substrate

A sandy substrate is the best option if you want to create a natural environment for your pearlscales. This is to mimic their natural environment as pearlscales enjoy digging through their substrate. If you go with gravel, it’s important to ensure that you’re getting larger and smoother gravel substrate. Otherwise, they might accidentally swallow some. 

Decor

One of the defining characteristics of pearlscales is that they have very delicate and breakable scales. This is why it’s important to avoid putting them in a crowded aquarium. If your existing tank has many decorations and aquarium rocks with sharp edges (or any other sharp objects), it’s best not to put your pearlscales in it as they might accidentally bump into them and have their scales fall off.

If this happens, the fish will not regain its original “pearl” scales; instead, regular scales will grow in their place (although some aquarists say that additional calcium helps here, this is undocumented). That said, aquarium driftwood and plants are okay. You can smooth out driftwood with sandpaper and cut off sharp edges.

Plants

Plants are a great addition to a pearlscale goldfish aquarium, because these fancy goldfish love darting in between and playing with live plants. In fact, a natural pond-like habitat is very good for pearlscales. If you want to put live plants with your pearlscales, go with cold-hardy and beginner plants like Java fern, Hornwort, Anubias and Anacharis. Goldfish in general do not have an appetite for Java Fern and Anubias, but every individual fish is different.

Pearscale Goldfish Care (Water Quality)

Nutrition, clean water, and stress management are the keys to proper Pearlscale goldfish care. Let’s focus on filtration and maintenance.

Filtration

In the case of pearlscales, biological filtration is best as it allows for a high level of water quality, which keeps them safe from common aliments and stress.

With a decent filtration system, both your fish’s waste and leftover food will be dealt with. This is particularly important because pearlscales are slow eaters and will take their time to get to their food. A hang on back filter at minimum are best to use given the high bioload these fish add to an aquarium.

A canister filter should be considered for larger fancy goldfish tanks. Their large mature bulky mature sizes and general foraging habits generate a lot of waste particles in the water that need to be filtered out. A large filter like a canister will ensure mechanical filtration is top tier and nutrients is processed appropriately.

In fish only fancy goldfish tank, a complete media like biohome is an ideal solution for keeping nitrates down when pairing with a canister. Biohome is amazing for high load fish only tanks – such as a large fancy goldfish tank.

Water Parameters

As the species of pearlscale goldfish isn’t naturally occurring, there is no natural habitat you can emulate for them in your tank. However, their preferences are well known. They can withstand a wide temperature range, and do well in cold water and neutral pH levels. Watch out for frequently fluctuating pH levels as this can cause disease and ill health. Nitrates is also a common issue with fancy goldfish tanks. Regularly testing your water will assist in determine the water change volume and frequency.

Here are some specifics:

• Water Temperature: 65.0 to 75.0° F
• pH Range: 6.0-7.5
• Hardness Range: 4 – 20 KH
• Salinity: Below 10% (with a specific gravity below 1.002)
• Water Movement: Moderate
• Nitrates: Keep below 40

Aquarium Maintenance

The tank you place your pearlscale goldfish in should be well-maintained if you want them to stay healthy. Scheduled weekly water changes of 1/4 to 1/3 are required as pearlscales produce a lot of waste. As mentioned earlier, you can also choose to include snails in the tank as they make short work of algae and help to keep the tank clean. Since goldfish tanks require a lot of regular cleaning, an investment in a tool like a python cleaner can help save you time.

How to Set Up Your Fish Tank

Beyond providing a good filtration system for your pearlscale goldfish’s tank, consider the following set-up requirements:

Tank Size

As you already know, at least 30 gallons is required for housing a pearlscale goldfish, with an additional 10 added for each new goldfish you introduce into the tank. This large amount of water is required so that the waste is diluted, and it lets you keep water changes scheduled to once a week.

Tank Shape

A large surface area is optimal for keeping fancy goldfish as it prevents an oxygen shortage. Remember, the tank shape determines the surface area; as such, it’s best to go with an elongated tank as opposed to a tall one. If you want a round or oval tank for your goldfish, it should be narrow at the top and wide in the middle for maximum surface area.

How to Breed

In the right conditions, pearlscale goldfish can spawn easily and readily. They are egg layers who can breed in small groups as well as large ones.

Breeding Conditions

Start by providing a breeding tank that is at least 20 gallons. A few weeks before breeding, make it a point to separate the males and females as this will increase their interest to spawn. When you’re ready, release the males and females in at the same time. Avoid rough handling.

Drop the temperature slowly to around 60°F, then gradually warm it at 3°F until spawning occurs., when the temperature is between 68° and 74°F, spawning will begin. This is a good time to feed your pearlscales live food such as worms and brine shrimp. Try to feed at least thrice a day. As for water changes, you should aim to make partial changes of about 20% per day.

How to Tell if Your Pearlscales Will Start Breeding

As the tank temperature increases, the male pearlscale will chase the female around (not aggressively) for several days. Both males and females will have a vivid, more intense color.

If you see a gyrating action in your freshwater fish, that means they’re spawning. The female will be pushed against any plants inside the aquarium during the process, which will cause tiny eggs to drop out, which can then be fertilized.

The spawning process can last up to 3 hours and produce about 10,000 eggs. Once this is done, remove the goldfish from the breeding tank, because they will start trying to eat the eggs. In 4 to 7 days thereafter, you should have a brand new group of juvenile pearlscale goldfish.

Health and Disease

Signs of Health

If your pearlscales have shiny scales and eyes, are swimming about their tank most of the day, and feed periodically throughout the day, you can safely assume that they’re healthy and happy. They should also retain their round body shape.

Signs of Ill Health

If your fancy goldfish seem lethargic, aren’t eating much, have pale skin, are hollow-bellied, or have fraying fins or scale loss, that means their health or life expectancy is compromised. Here’s what is ailing them:

Common Health Issues and Treatment

Pearlscale goldfish are prone to being afflicted by all common freshwater fish diseases, such as fin rot, ich, flukes and fungus.

Because pearlscale goldfish have long and flowy fins, they are particularly prone to fin rot, which mainly occurs in poor quality water. So to prevent this, you should aim to provide high quality water for your goldfish.

Swim bladder disease is another commonly occurring disease in pearlscale goldfish. This is due to the compactness of their intestinal tract, which is easily affected by taking in too much food or even air. I go over swim bladder, dropsy and other serious goldfish aliments in my freshwater fish diseases post.

Where to Buy

As a common fancy goldfish, pearlscales are readily available in most pet shops, both online and off. However, the finest pearlscales are imported from countries like China. It is best to work with a what you see is what you get (WYSIWYG) online fish store to get select varieties.

Is the Pearlscale Goldfish Right for You?

Before adding a Pearlscale to your tank, here’s an honest breakdown of who should and shouldn’t keep one.

Good fit if:

• You want a visually distinctive display fish. The round body and pearl-like scales are unlike any other goldfish variety. It’s a genuine conversation piece.
• You have a 20+ gallon tank with slow to moderate flow. Pearlscales are not strong swimmers and struggle in high current.
• You’re keeping only other fancy goldfish varieties of similar size and speed: no comets, common goldfish, or fast-swimming species that will outcompete them for food.
• You can feed at a slow, deliberate pace. Use sinking pellets or spot-feeding to ensure the Pearlscale actually gets its share.
• You’re committed to cool water (65–72°F) and weekly water changes. Like all goldfish, Pearlscales produce heavy waste.
• You can source from a quality seller. Poorly bred Pearlscales have exaggerated body shapes that worsen swim bladder issues.

Avoid if:

• You already have comets, common goldfish, or any fast-swimming goldfish variety. In a feeding competition, Pearlscales will lose every time.
• Your tank has strong current or turbulent flow. The round body makes navigating current difficult and stressful.
• You want a hardy, low-maintenance goldfish. Pearlscales are more fragile than most fancy goldfish. The round body is a tradeoff.
• You keep species with sharp fins or known fin-nippers. Scale damage on a Pearlscale is permanent. The pearl texture doesn’t grow back normally.
• You can’t provide temperature stability. Pearlscales are sensitive to temperature swings and need consistent conditions.

How the Pearlscale Goldfish Compares to Other Fancy Goldfish

Pearlscales occupy a specific niche even within the fancy goldfish world. All fancy goldfish need the same fundamentals (cold water, large tanks, heavy filtration), but Pearlscales have additional requirements driven by their body shape.

Pearlscale vs. Oranda: Both are fancy goldfish needing cold water, heavy filtration, and large tanks. The Oranda has a dramatic wen that requires monitoring; the Pearlscale has the round body that creates swim bladder risk. Neither is definitively easier. Choose Oranda if the head-growth look is what you want; choose Pearlscale if you prefer the round-body silhouette without wen maintenance.

Pearlscale vs. Ryukin: Ryukins are faster and more competitive at feeding time. In a mixed tank, Ryukins will consistently outcompete Pearlscales. If you want both, feed separately and watch closely. Better yet, keep only Pearlscales together. They do best with their own kind or other slow, similarly-sized fancy varieties.

Pearlscale vs. Telescope Goldfish: Both are fragile fancy goldfish with distinctive physical features that create care considerations. Telescopes have protruding eyes vulnerable to injury; Pearlscales have round bodies vulnerable to swim bladder issues and scale damage. Both require similar tank setups and the same commitment. Choose based on which visual style you prefer.

Hard Rule: Pearlscale goldfish cannot be kept with standard single-tail goldfish like commons or comets. The faster-swimming single-tails outcompete pearlscales for food, leaving them underfed despite appearing healthy. Same-type tank mates only.

Closing Thoughts

After this post, you should have a better understanding of the care and maintenance required for pearlscale goldfish. If you’re interested in learning more about freshwater fish or if you’ve been considering getting one as your first pet, please leave me a comment below! I’m happy to answer any questions that may come up while reading this blog post.

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Table of Contents

• What Most Care Guides Get Wrong About Cherry Barbs
• A Brief Overview Of The Cherry Barb
• Origins and Habitat
• What Do Cherry Barbs Look Like?
• Temperament and Activity Level
• What Are Good Tank Mates?
• Tank Requirements
• Water Quality
• Aquarium Maintenance
• How to Set Up Your Fish Tank
• Health and Disease
• Availability
• FAQs
• Is the Cherry Barb Right for You?
• How the Cherry Barb Compares to Similar Species
• Closing Thoughts
• Recommended Video

The cherry barb is the anti-tiger barb. It is peaceful to a fault, will not nip fins, will not chase tank mates, and will not defend itself when something bigger pushes it around. That makes it one of the best community fish in the hobby, but it also means you have to protect it. Put cherry barbs with anything aggressive and they will hide, fade, and stop eating.

In the right tank, with dark substrate, live plants, and a group of at least six, male cherry barbs develop a deep crimson color that rivals anything in the tropical fish world. Skip those conditions and you get a washed-out pink fish that never shows you what it is capable of. This guide covers what it takes to bring out their best, because the cherry barb does not demand attention. It earns it quietly, and only when the conditions are right.

The cherry barb is proof that a barb does not have to be a bully. But being peaceful has consequences. Your job is to make sure those consequences never catch up to it.

What Most Care Guides Get Wrong About Cherry Barbs

The most common mistake: keeping too few. “Minimum 6” is not enough. You need 8 to 10 or more to see these fish actually school and the males fully color up. Second mistake: bright tanks with light substrate. Cherry barbs under white LEDs on light gravel look washed-out and pink. Add tannins, use dark sand or soil, and lower the light intensity, and you’ll see a deep cherry-red you didn’t know they had. Third mistake: wrong male-to-female ratio. Keep at least two females per male. Males will relentlessly chase a single female without that balance, and nobody eats or rests properly. In my 25+ years in the hobby, the hobbyists who are most disappointed with cherry barbs always kept them in small groups under bright lights with a bare setup. Get those three things right and these fish take care of themselves.

A Brief Overview Of The Cherry Barb

The Cherry Barb is scientifically called Puntius titteya , they are one of the friendlier barbs you can purchase in the aquarium hobby and are ideal for a community tank. They are also great barb fish for planted tanks as the male’s reds contrast well with many green plants.

Scientific Name	Puntius titteya
Common Name (Species)	Cherry Barb
Family	Cyprinidae
Origin	Sri Lanka
Diet	Omnivore
Care Level	Easy
Activity	Active, social
Size	Up to 2 inches
Lifespan	4 years (up to 7)
Temperament	Peaceful
Tank Level	All Areas
Minimum Tank Size	25 Gallons
Temperature Range	73–81 Degrees F
KH	4 – 7
pH Range	7.2–7.5
Filtration/Flow Rate	Calm to Moderate
Water Type	Freshwater
Breeding	Egg-layers, easy to breed
Compatibility	Peace community species
Ok For Planted Tanks?	Yes

Classification

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Chordata
Class	Actinopterygii
Order	Cypriniformes
Family	Cyprinidae
Genus	Puntius
Species	P. Titteya (Deraniyagala, 1929)

Origins and Habitat

The Cherry Barb originates from Sri Lanka from the Cyprinidae family. The fish live in freshwater ponds and slow-moving water sources across Sri Lanka. These freshwater fish have also been found in Columbia and Mexico, where they have adapted well to their surroundings.

The fish thrive in tropical rainforest conditions where the temperature rarely changes.

Even though the Cherry Barb Puntius titteya is thriving in the aquarium scene, the fish is now vulnerable in its natural environment. This is due to its popularity with aquarium owners and the disappearing waters in their shrinking natural habitat. Fortunately, these fish are now tank bred and easy to find in fish stores.

What Do Cherry Barbs Look Like?

Cherry Barbs are long, thin, brightly colored fish. As the name suggests, they are bright red, with the male species generally being more vibrant than the females, which are more of a tan color. The females also look fatter than the males.

All Cherry Barbs have a dark line that runs along the whole of their body. This is a solid brown line, but due to their scales, it can look dotted.

Their fins are quite small and can look translucent. The dorsal fin is shaped like a half shell and is halfway down its back. When they swim, this fin lies flattened so that they look like little torpedoes gliding through the water.

Temperament and Activity Level

These fish are peaceful and like nothing better than swimming around all day in their group. You should buy Cherry Barb fish together due to their schooling nature; they like to swim around in groups. This gives them the feeling of safety and security when swimming together.

They are active fish and enjoy swimming quite fast. They are also curious fish who like searching things out. They may spot something that they want to explore and leave the group for a second but will always return.

The only time that you will see any signs of aggression from the Cherry Barbs will be while mating. Males will then dominate the female and other males.

What Are Good Tank Mates?

Due to their peaceful nature and social temperament, Cherry Barb tank mates can be many other fish species. They prefer to school in a group of other Cherry Barb fish, so keep this in mind when getting other fish.

Good Tank Mates

The best Cherry Barb tank mates for these fish would be other peaceful smaller fish species that share the same nature as your Cherry Barbs. They also enjoy sharing the tank with larger bottom dwellers. 

Some of the best fish species for tank mates would be:

• Tetras
• Rasboras
• Gouramis
• Small catfish like Otocinclus catfish

They are also suited to shrimp and other invertebrates, such as Ghost Shrimp, Cherry Shrimp, or Mystery Snails

Fish Species to Avoid

Cherry Barbs is shy around other fish species, so it’s better to avoid larger or more aggressive fish species. Any fish that can fit the barb in its mouth should be avoided. Other more aggressive barbs like Tiger Barbs should be avoided.

Tank Requirements

You should make sure that you have the right sized tank and environment for your Cherry Barb fish. They are easy to look after as long as they have the right conditions and habitat.

Tank Size

As Cherry Barbs are schooling fish, you should allow for around six fish initially. The minimum tank size should be between 25–30 gallons.

Tank Setup

The natural habitat for these fish is shallow water with lots of live plants, so you should try to re-create this where possible. They are naturally a timid fish, and will not be as social without the comfort of plants. You should try to have some plants on the surface of the tank to help them to feel at home. Some of the best plants to choose from are water wisteria, hornwort, and anacharis.

Dark sand or fine gravel is an excellent substrate for your Cherry Barb. This offers a similar environment to their natural habitat of a dark, silty base. This, along with a well-planted tank, will give them the right environment. In an aquascaped environment, active aquarium soil is a consideration for rooted and carpeting plants.

The dark substrate will also add to the aesthetics of your fish tank with the black substrate against the bright red of the fish. It’s a color explosion!

Water Quality

These freshwater fish are a pretty hardy fish and can tolerate a range of water changes and conditions. However, you should ensure that the water quality is suitable for the fish to avoid any illness.

Filtration

A standard hang-on back filter should be suitable for your Cherry Barb care, which will keep the water clean at all times. The filter should have a gentle flow as the fish are used to slow-moving water and will not do well in fast currents. For a planted tank, a canister filter is a good consideration to provide added mechanical filtration and flow.

Water Parameters

The ideal water parameters for your Cherry Barb freshwater fish would be:

• Water temperature: 73°F–81°F
• pH level: 7.2–7.5
• Water hardness: 5–19 dH

Aquarium Maintenance

To give your Cherry Barbs a healthy fish life, you must ensure that your aquarium is maintained to a high standard. The water should be kept clean, and parameters met at all times to give the best Cherry Barb care. The tank should also be cleaned regularly.

Test Water Conditions

Your tank water should be tested regularly to make sure that the parameters are met. By investing in high-quality water test kits, this will give you the accurate result that you need for your Cherry Barb fish.

The water should be tested for the following elements:

• pH: This is the power of hydrogen level that tells you how acidic or alkaline the water is. 
• Ammonia: This is a byproduct of your fish’s waste and is toxic for your fish.
• Nitrite: Ammonia is broken down to make nitrite which is also toxic.
• Nitrate: You should not have more than 40ppm of nitrate in your water.

How to Set Up Your Fish Tank

Once you have bought everything you need, you will need to set up your Cherry Barb tank.

How To Set Up a Fish Tank

The first thing to do when setting up your fish tank is to make sure that everything is clean. You shouldn’t use any soap or disinfectant to clean as this may harm your fish; rinsing under water is sufficient.

The substrate should then be added to the tank, a couple of inches is plenty. Once you have done this, place an upturned bowl on the substrate. This will make the process of adding water easier.  The filter and heater should then be added but not switched on just yet.

Dechlorinated tap water can then be added to the tank. Do this by pouring it over the upturned bowl so that the substrate isn’t displaced all over the tank. To make the water fish-friendly, you need to start the nitrogen cycle. A little liquid ammonia should be added to the water to start the cycle.

Your decorations and live plants can then be added, making sure that these have been rinsed through. Live plants can be planted in pots or directly into the substrate, and all damaged leaves should be removed.

The filter system and heater should then be switched on and kept on all day and all night. Your live plants need light to survive, so your lighting should be switched on also. 

The tank is then ready, but you shouldn’t add your fish just yet. The tank should be left to establish itself without fish for at least 10 days. The water parameters should then be tested to make sure that they are appropriate. All water parameters should be correct before adding any fish, or they won’t survive in the tank.

Once you have reached the correct parameters in your fish tank, you can then add your fish. 

Health and Disease

The Cherry Barb is quite a hardy fish species; however, they can still be susceptible to ill health.

Signs of Health

Prevention is far better than curing illness, and you should make sure that your fish are looked after. This will help to avoid many illnesses that can affect the fish. 

A healthy Cherry Barb is colorful and should be actively swimming around the tank with its group.

Signs of Ill Health

The first sign of ill health in a Cherry Barb would be changes in the behavior of your fish. If you notice anything different, check your fish out. Some of the changes in behavior is: lethargy, not eating, or rubbing their body on the tank. They could also be suffering from ripped fins, which is a sign that there is something wrong.

Common Health Issues and Treatment

The most common disease in your fish would be Ich. This is also known as white spot disease, and the water should be treated with an Ich medication to get rid of this. 

They can also suffer from other conditions, such as velvet disease, fin rot, and dropsy. These conditions are all curable as long as they are correctly treated in time. Your fish need to be quarantined while being treated. Check out my freshwater fish disease article for identification and treatment of the most common diseases in our hobby.

Breeding

Cherry Barbs are easy fish to breed and will spawn often. The breeding process is simple compared to other fish species. The time-consuming work is in the preparation. You will need to set up a breeding tank with a similar habitat to their permanent tank.

You will need two tanks or will need to separate a tank into two areas, one for the breeding pair and one for the eggs. Cherry Barbs will eat the eggs once spawned if they are not separated. The breeding tank will need to be well planted as they like to hide and protect their eggs in the plants. 

Once ready to spawn, the males will become more aggressive and start to chase the female. He will also become brighter in color, as will she. The female can lay between 200 and 300 eggs, and these will be scattered over the plants and substrate. You need to quickly remove these once spawned and put them in a separate tank.

Be careful not to add your female fish back into the permanent tank as soon as she has spawned her eggs. She will be tired and needs to regain her strength before being put back in with the male fish.

The fry will hatch over the next few days and should be fed on foods such as vinegar eels or micro worms. After a further couple of days, they will begin to swim around. As they get bigger, they can start to be fed on larger live foods like brine shrimp.

The fry will reach adulthood at around two months old, and at this point, they can be added to the permanent tank with other fish.

Are Your Cherry Barbs Male or Female?

There are a few ways that you can tell if your Cherry Barbs are male or female. The first one would be their color. The males are a brighter cherry red color, where the females are paler in color and can be tan or almost white.

The lateral line that is found along the whole of their body from the head to the tail is different. This is a darker brown color in the female Cherry Barb than the male. The last difference would be the shape of the fish. The female Cherry Barb is slightly rounder in shape in the stomach area than the male; the male fish is slimmer.

Availability

You can buy both male Cherry Barbs and female Cherry Barbs from most pet stores as well as online fish stores. Make sure that you purchase your fish from a reputable supplier and that they are healthy fish. You don’t want to buy fish that aren’t looked after and could spread diseases to your other fish.

What You Need to Buy

You need to start with the right tank with lighting and a filter system. They are a tropical fish, so you should invest in a heater for the tank. You should then get the substrate, plants, decorations, quality fish food, and maintenance equipment. 

To clean the tank correctly, you should invest in an algae magnet and an aquarium vacuum. You also need to make sure that you have plenty of water testing kits to ensure that your water is at optimal parameters.

Don’t forget your fish!

FAQs

Is the Cherry Barb Right for You?

Here’s an honest breakdown of who this fish is right for and who it isn’t. The cherry barb is forgiving on water chemistry but unforgiving about environment and tank mates.

Good fit if:

• You’re building a planted community tank and want a barb that won’t nip fins, harass tank mates, or eat your shrimp. Cherry barbs are completely safe with invertebrates.
• You’re willing to use dark substrate and moderate lighting. That’s where the deep crimson male coloring appears. Without it, the fish looks average.
• You want a barb with schooling behavior but a peaceful personality. Tiger barbs are the aggressive version. Cherry barbs are the community version.
• You’re a beginner who wants a forgiving, hardy fish that rewards a well-designed tank with impressive color.
• You want a fish that will breed in the tank without much intervention. Cherry barbs spawn readily and fry are easy to raise.

Avoid if:

• You keep tiger barbs, serpae tetras, or any confirmed fin nippers. Cherry barbs will get shredded and spend most of their time hiding.
• You have large cichlids or anything big enough to eat a 2-inch fish. Cherry barbs cannot defend themselves and will be perpetually stressed or eaten.
• You expect the deep red coloring without doing the setup work. Bright tanks with light substrate produce pink, unimpressive fish. The color is conditional.
• You want a fish that can hold its own when bullied. Cherry barbs cannot. They will hide, fade, and stop eating. That’s who they are, and it’s your job to protect them.
• You plan to keep a group under 8. Anything smaller produces a stressed school that never shows the behavior or coloring this species is capable of.

How the Cherry Barb Compares to Similar Species

Want a peaceful community barb? Cherry barb. Want an active school in a species-appropriate setup? Tiger barb. Want the smallest possible planted tank showpiece? Ember tetra.

Cherry Barb vs. Tiger Barb: Same family, completely different personality. Tiger barbs are active, bold schoolers and confirmed fin nippers that will shred guppies, bettas, and angelfish. Cherry barbs are the opposite: totally peaceful, safe with long-finned fish and shrimp, and won’t defend themselves when pushed around. Choose tiger barb if you want an energetic school in a tank built around barbs specifically. Choose cherry barb if you want that barb energy in a mixed community without the aggression risk. Don’t keep them together.

Cherry Barb vs. Ember Tetra: Both are small, peaceful, and excellent for planted tanks. The key difference is color at peak condition. A male cherry barb in a proper setup (dark substrate, tannins, correct group size) has a deeper, richer red than anything an ember tetra produces. Ember tetras have a warm orange-red that works beautifully in nano setups and is less dependent on getting every condition right. Choose ember tetra if your tank is under 15 gallons or you want consistent color without optimizing the setup. Choose cherry barb if you’re building a planted 25–30 gallon community and want that crimson color payoff when everything is dialed in.

Cherry Barb vs. Harlequin Rasbora: Similar peaceful temperament, similar community tank suitability, similar size. The difference is behavior and coloring style. Harlequin rasboras school tightly and have a clean orange-red with a distinctive black wedge marking, striking at any angle. Cherry barb males have a deeper, more saturated red when conditioned, but it’s conditional on the tank setup. Choose harlequin rasbora if you want reliable, consistent schooling color without setup optimization. Choose cherry barb if you want the color payoff from doing the tank right.

References

• Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (Eds.). (2024). Puntius titteya (Deraniyagala, 1929). FishBase. www.fishbase.org: current accepted taxonomy and distribution data.
• IUCN Red List. (2024). Puntius titteya. Vulnerable. iucnredlist.org (trade pressure and habitat loss in Sri Lanka)
• Seriously Fish. Cherry Barb (Puntius titteya) care profile, water parameters, and habitat data. seriouslyfish.com
• Aquarium Wiki. Cherry Barb. theaquariumwiki.com
• Flip Aquatics. Cherry Barb availability and care notes. flipaquatics.com

The Reality of Keeping Cherry Barbs

Cherry barbs are peaceful, hardy, and almost foolproof in the right setup. But “almost foolproof” requires one non-negotiable: the right group composition. A single male cherry barb or a group of all males becomes a problem of relentless chasing. One male to two or three females is the ratio that produces a calm, colorful tank rather than a harassment scenario.

The male’s red color deepens when other males are present and when the tank conditions are right – planted, well-lit, stable temperature. The cherry red of a well-kept male in breeding condition is genuinely impressive. Getting there requires time and the correct ratio, not just buying the fish.

They are active, mid-swimming fish that use the full tank. They are not flashy in the way that tetras school, but a group of 8 cherry barbs in a planted tank is lively, colorful, and constantly in motion. Low-maintenance does not mean low-reward.

Closing Thoughts

The Cherry Barb in bad conditions and the Cherry Barb in perfect conditions look like two completely different species.

The Cherry Barb Puntius titteya is a popular freshwater fish that is easy to care for and will give you hours of relaxing enjoyment. There’s nothing better than watching your fish swimming together around the tank. 

We hope you enjoyed our fish guide, and it gives you the information you need to start your aquarium of colorful Cherry Barbs.

This guide is part of our Barbs: Complete Species Directory. Visit the hub page to explore care guides for all popular barb species.

This article is part of our Barb Species Directory. Visit the hub page to explore all species care guides.

Recommended Video

Check out this video covering barb species for your aquarium:

If I could only add one invert to any planted tank I own, it would be Amano shrimp. Every single time. They work harder, eat more algae, and handle themselves better in a community tank than any other freshwater cleanup crew species I’ve kept. But “easy cleanup crew” is where most care guides stop, and that’s where most beginners go wrong.

Most people buy three. They should buy ten.

Amano shrimp are tougher to keep than their reputation suggests. Copper in medications or plant fertilizers can wipe out a colony before you notice anything is wrong. They can’t breed in a standard freshwater tank without a separate brackish grow-out setup that most hobbyists will never build. And they’re deceptively sensitive to acclimation stress when first introduced. Get the conditions right and these shrimp are genuinely thriving workers. Get them wrong, and you’ll be buying replacements on a loop without understanding why.

Table of Contents

• Key Takeaways
• Species Overview
• Classification
• Origin and Natural Habitat
• Appearance and Identification
• Average Size and Lifespan
• Care Guide
• Tank Mates
• Food and Diet
• Breeding and Reproduction
• Molting
• Common Health Issues
• What It Is Actually Like
• Common Mistakes to Avoid
• Should You Get Amano Shrimp?
• How It Compares
• Where to Buy
• FAQs
• Closing Thoughts
• References

Key Takeaways

• Amano shrimp (Caridina multidentata) are the most effective algae-eating invertebrate in the freshwater hobby. Nothing else comes close for biofilm and hair algae.
• Buy more than you think you need. Three shrimp in a 20-gallon (75-liter) tank is decoration. Ten or more creates meaningful algae control.
• Copper is fatal. Check every medication, fertilizer, and tap water additive for copper content before using it in a tank with Amanos.
• They cannot breed in a standard freshwater aquarium. The larvae require brackish water to survive. Most hobbyists buy replacements rather than breed them.
• A sponge pre-filter on all intakes is mandatory. Standard filter intakes will catch and kill them.
• Amano shrimp are sensitive to poor acclimation. Use the drip method when introducing them to a new tank.

Species Overview

Scientific Name	Caridina multidentata
Common Names	Amano Shrimp, Yamato Shrimp, Japonica Shrimp, Algae Eating Shrimp
Family	Atyidae
Origin	Japan, Taiwan
Care Level	Intermediate
Temperament	Peaceful
Diet	Omnivore / Algae grazer
Tank Level	All areas
Max Size	2 inches (5 cm)
Min Tank Size	5 gallons (19 liters)
Temperature	65°F to 78°F (18°C to 26°C)
pH	6.5 to 8.0
Hardness	6 to 8 dKH
Lifespan	2 to 5 years

Classification

Order	Decapoda
Suborder	Pleocyemata
Family	Atyidae
Genus	Caridina
Species	C. multidentata (Stimpson, 1860)

Taxonomy note: For most of aquarium hobby history, this species was known as Caridina japonica (de Man, 1892). In 2006, Yamamoto and Hori’s research established that C. japonica was a junior synonym of the earlier-described C. multidentata (Stimpson, 1860). The correct scientific name is now Caridina multidentata, though Caridina japonica still appears widely in older care guides and some retail labeling. Both names refer to the same species.

Origin and Natural Habitat

True Amano shrimp are native to Japan and Taiwan. In Japan, they’re found in fast-moving coastal streams and rivers in Shikoku and Kyushu. They have an amphidromous life cycle, meaning they migrate between freshwater and saltwater at different life stages: adults and juveniles live in freshwater, but larvae hatch and must reach brackish or marine water to develop. This is the biological reason they’re nearly impossible to breed in a standard home aquarium.

Takashi Amano, the founder of modern planted tank aquascaping, popularized these shrimp specifically for algae control in his Nature Aquarium style tanks in the 1990s. The shrimp was named in his honor. His approach, using dense planting, CO2 injection, and macro nutrient dosing, is still the environment where Amano shrimp thrive most visibly. In my experience with Tom Barr’s balanced macro dosing approach in heavily planted setups, Amanos in those tanks are genuinely fat, active, and working constantly. The more plant surface area available, the more biofilm and soft algae they can graze on between feedings.

Appearance and Identification

Amano shrimp have translucent to pale gray bodies with a distinctive tan or brown pattern running along the back and sides. A white or light stripe runs from head to tail. The body is covered in small dots and dashes of brown that form the characteristic spotting pattern. Their black eyes stand out clearly against the pale body. They’re not colorful shrimp in the way cherry shrimp are. Cherry shrimp get the color; Amanos get the size and work ethic.

Male vs. Female

Sexing Amano shrimp is straightforward once you know the pattern differences. Females are larger overall and show an elongated row of brown dashes along the lower body. Males are smaller with a pattern of scattered dots rather than the elongated dashes. Females also develop a visible “saddle” area for carrying eggs. A fully grown female will typically be noticeably larger than a male of the same age.

• Female: Larger body, brown dashes along the lower sides, visible saddle, more prominent white stripe along the top
• Male: Smaller, brown dots rather than dashes, no saddle, slightly more faint stripe

Females will attempt to breed shortly after molting, releasing pheromones that trigger a frantic swimming display in males throughout the tank.

Average Size and Lifespan

Amano shrimp reach about 2 inches (5 cm) at full size. Females consistently run larger than males. Their larger size compared to cherry shrimp is one of the key reasons they fare better in community tanks: most small community fish can’t fit a full-grown Amano in their mouth.

Lifespan in a well-maintained freshwater aquarium is typically 2 to 3 years, though some individuals reach 5 years with excellent care and stable parameters. The most common cause of shortened lifespan is repeated exposure to trace copper or chronic low-level parameter stress.

Care Guide

ASD Difficulty Rating: Intermediate (5/10)
Amano shrimp are easy to keep alive in stable, established tanks but have hidden demands that catch beginners off guard. Copper sensitivity, acclimation stress, and molting-related problems require more attention than the “beginner shrimp” label suggests. In a mature planted tank with clean parameters, they’re genuinely low maintenance. In a new tank or a medicated system, they’re unforgiving.

Tank Size

The minimum tank size for Amano shrimp is 5 gallons (19 liters), but they perform best and show their full behavior in larger setups. The rule of thumb is one shrimp per 2 gallons (7.5 liters), though this is a rough guide. For meaningful algae control in a 20-gallon (75-liter) planted community tank, plan on 10 or more shrimp. Three or four shrimp in that same tank will look nice but won’t move the needle on algae.

Amano shrimp are escape artists. They will find any gap in a lid and jump through it, especially when first introduced or after a water change. A tight-fitting cover is mandatory. Mesh nets are too wide for shrimp-sized gaps. Glass lids or solid covers are best.

Water Parameters

Temperature	65°F to 78°F (18°C to 26°C)
pH	6.5 to 8.0
Hardness (KH)	1 to 10 dKH
TDS	150 to 200 ppm
Ammonia	0 ppm
Nitrite	0 ppm
Nitrate	Under 20 ppm
Copper	0 (lethal at trace levels)

Amano shrimp are more parameter-tolerant than many caridina species but are strictly sensitive to copper, ammonia spikes, and rapid parameter changes. The TDS range of 150 to 200 ppm is similar to cherry shrimp. Monitor with an aquarium test kit regularly and perform water changes of 25 to 30% every two weeks. Check water hardness if you’re experiencing persistent molting problems: low GH is a common cause of failed molts.

Filtration and Water Flow

Amano shrimp need gentle filtration. Strong flow creates stress and can exhaust them. More critically: standard filter intakes will catch and kill them. A sponge filter is the safest option for a shrimp-only or shrimp-primary tank. In community tanks with larger filters, cover all intakes with a pre-filter sponge. This is not optional.

Sponge filters also provide an additional benefit: Amanos graze constantly on the biofilm that builds up on the sponge exterior. It’s an active feeding area for them between regular food offerings.

For community tanks where you need a hang-on-back or canister filter for fish filtration, fit a sponge pre-filter over every intake. Replace the sponge every two to four weeks so it doesn’t restrict flow.

Lighting

Amano shrimp have no specific lighting requirements. They adapt to any light level the tank uses. If you’re running a planted tank with higher light and CO2, they’ll be perfectly comfortable and more active in the abundant algae growth that setup produces. Dim planted tank setups work just as well. Match lighting to your plants, not to the shrimp.

Plants and Decorations

Dense planting is where Amano shrimp thrive. More plant surface area means more biofilm, more algae, and more foraging opportunity. They clean every surface they can reach: plant leaves, driftwood, rock faces, substrate, and the glass itself. Plants also matter for molting cover. After molting, Amanos are soft and vulnerable for a day or two and need places to hide.

Good plant options for Amano tanks:

• Java Moss
• Java Fern
• Anubias
• Christmas Moss

Driftwood is particularly valuable. Amanos graze on the biofilm that develops on wood surfaces and seem to prefer it as a primary foraging location. Aquarium driftwood stands out visually against Amano’s pale body and creates a natural contrast that looks excellent in planted setups.

Moss is valuable specifically for molting cover. A dense patch of Christmas Moss or java moss gives freshly molted shrimp a place to hide while their shells harden.

Substrate

Amano shrimp spend much of their time at the substrate level and graze on it constantly. Fine-grain substrates work better than coarse gravel for shrimp: more surface area for biofilm, easier foraging. Shrimp-specific substrates like planted tank substrates that buffer pH toward slightly acidic are ideal in planted setups. Rinse any substrate thoroughly before use.

Tank Mates

Best Tank Mates

Amano shrimp are almost universally found in planted and community tanks, not shrimp-only setups. Their 2-inch (5 cm) size gives them protection that smaller shrimp species don’t have. The following fish coexist well with Amanos in most setups:

• Betta Fish (with caution: some bettas are shrimp-safe, others aren’t; use a larger tank with plenty of cover)
• Guppies
• Small Tetras such as Neon Tetras
• Peaceful barbs like the Cherry Barb
• Zebra Danios
• Other shrimp species such as cherry shrimp (Amanos will not crossbreed)

Tank Mates to Avoid

Any fish with a mouth large enough to swallow a 2-inch (5 cm) shrimp is a risk. Amanos are also vulnerable immediately after molting, when their new shell is soft and other fish may pick at them.

• Cichlids
• Goldfish
• Large barbs, aggressive loaches, large catfish
• Any fish with a mouth large enough to fit a full-grown shrimp

Food and Diet

In a planted tank with biofilm and algae, Amano shrimp rarely need supplemental feeding. They graze constantly on algae, biofilm, and decaying plant matter throughout the day. The challenge is actually the opposite of what most people expect: feed them too well and they stop eating algae, which defeats the purpose of keeping them.

In tanks with minimal algae or multiple shrimp competing for resources, supplement feeding with specialty shrimp foods. Dennerle Shrimp King Food works well: the pellets are small enough for shrimp to grab and carry away from the competition, and the formula is targeted for invertebrate nutritional needs.

In a community tank, note that Amanos are aggressive feeders and will outcompete slower fish during feeding time. Scatter food to give slower fish a chance to eat before Amanos claim everything.

Breeding and Reproduction

Amano shrimp are nearly impossible to breed in a standard home aquarium. This isn’t a care failure. It’s biology. The larvae hatch in freshwater but require brackish water to survive and develop. Without a separate brackish grow-out system and live phytoplankton for the zoea stage, the larvae die within days. Most hobbyists buy replacements rather than attempt breeding.

Sexing Amano Shrimp

Female Amano shrimp:

• Larger overall body size
• Elongated brown dashes along the lower body (not dots)
• Visible saddle area for carrying eggs
• Whiter, more prominent stripe running from head to tail

Male Amano shrimp:

• Smaller than females
• Brown dots along the body (not elongated dashes)
• No saddle
• Slightly less prominent stripe

Females will attempt to breed after molting, releasing pheromones that cause males to swim frantically throughout the tank searching for her. This “mating frenzy” is a common sight and how you know breeding has been triggered.

Breeding Process (Advanced)

For the serious hobbyist who wants to attempt breeding:

• Move a berried female to a separate brackish tank (35 PPT / 1.026 SG) before larvae hatch
• Transfer larvae within minutes of hatching: they need brackish water immediately to survive
• Feed larvae live phytoplankton or diatoms. Algae Barn Ocean Magik phytoplankton is a reliable choice
• Larvae reach juvenile stage around 20 days
• Drip acclimate juveniles from 35 PPT to 5 PPT over 12 to 24 hours before moving to freshwater
• Grow-out tank should be 2.5 to 5 gallons with water changes every 2 to 4 days
• Do not add juveniles to a tank with fish until they reach at least 1 inch (2.5 cm)

The female reproductive cycle timeline:

• Molt to berried: 1 day
• Berried to larvae drop: approximately 17 days
• Drop to next batch: 5 to 7 days
• Larvae to juvenile stage: approximately 20 days

Amano shrimp will not crossbreed with other shrimp species. If you’re maintaining a stable mixed-shrimp tank and want to avoid breeding chaos, Amanos are reliable on this point.

For the freshwater-to-brackish acclimation step, use a precision drip acclimator. I recommend Innovative Marine’s Accudrip for the precise flow control it provides during the critical salinity transition.

Molting

Molting is the process by which Amano shrimp shed their old exoskeleton to grow. The shell doesn’t grow with the shrimp, so it must be periodically replaced. You’ll know a molt happened when you find a clear, shrimp-shaped shell in the tank. Don’t remove it immediately: the shrimp will often eat the shed shell to reclaim calcium and other minerals.

A freshly molted shrimp has a soft new shell for the first 24 to 48 hours. During this time it’s vulnerable to attacks from tank mates and needs hiding spots. Dense plant cover or moss is critical during molting recovery.

If you find a shrimp lying on its side and are unsure whether it’s molting or dead: a molted or molting shrimp will be white or very pale. A dead shrimp will turn orange, pink, or gray and will show signs of decomposition. A freshly shed shell looks exactly like a complete shrimp but is completely clear and hollow.

Molting Problems

Failed molts are the most common serious health issue in Amano shrimp keeping. A shrimp that gets “stuck” in its old shell will die. Common causes:

• Low GH (general hardness): Shrimp need adequate calcium and magnesium to build new shells. If your tap water is very soft, supplement with GH booster or mineral additives.
• Temperature fluctuations: Inconsistent temperature disrupts the molting cycle.
• Parameter crashes: Rapid changes in pH, ammonia spikes, or copper exposure during a molt are often fatal.
• Stress: Aggressive tank mates or sudden changes can trigger a premature molt before the shrimp is ready.

Common Health Issues

Copper Toxicity

Copper is the most common cause of sudden, unexplained Amano shrimp death. It’s lethal at trace concentrations that would not harm fish. Sources include copper-based medications (Cupramine, copper sulfate), some plant fertilizers, and copper plumbing in older homes that can leach into tap water. If your shrimp die suddenly after a water change or medication, copper is the first suspect. Test your source water and every additive you use for copper content before adding anything to an Amano tank.

Bacterial Infections

Bacterial infections typically develop after a compromised molt, an injury, or in chronically poor water quality. Signs include white or opaque patches on the body, abnormal posture, or a shrimp that stops moving. Improve water quality and isolate affected individuals. Prevention is better than treatment: maintain clean water and don’t overfeed.

Acclimation Shock

Amano shrimp are sensitive to parameter differences between the transport bag and the destination tank. Float the bag for 15 to 20 minutes to temperature-match, then drip acclimate over 30 to 60 minutes before transferring. Dumping them directly from bag to tank is a reliable way to lose them within 24 hours.

What It Is Actually Like Keeping Amano Shrimp

Amanos are not shy. They don’t hide the way cherry shrimp do when stressed. In a stable tank, they’re out and active throughout the day, methodically working every surface. They’ll graze the glass, pick through the substrate, work over the driftwood, and clean every plant leaf they can reach. Watching a group of Amanos tackle a patch of hair algae is genuinely satisfying. They pick it apart strand by strand and keep going.

In heavily planted CO2-injected tanks, using balanced macro dosing along the lines of Tom Barr’s approach, Amanos thrive visibly. They’re fat, active, and working constantly. The more plant surface area available, the more productive they are. You can almost see the correlation between the health of the tank and the behavior of the shrimp.

The mating behavior is dramatic and unmistakable. When a female molts and releases pheromones, male Amanos will swim frantically through the entire tank, bumping into everything, looking increasingly desperate. It looks like something is wrong. Nothing is wrong. It’s completely normal and usually lasts a few hours.

When a shrimp is about to molt, it will go still and hide for a day or two beforehand. After the molt, the empty shell appears and the shrimp often eats it immediately. This is also normal. They’re recycling the minerals.

Expert Take

I use Amano shrimp in my own tanks regularly. In a CO2-injected planted setup with balanced macro nutrients, they’re genuinely one of the best things you can add. Ten or more in a 30-gallon planted tank, and the algae situation takes care of itself. The one thing I tell every keeper who’s new to them: check your fertilizers and medications for copper before you add anything to that tank. I’ve seen people lose entire colonies to a single dose of a copper-based medication they didn’t think to check. That’s the only way to kill Amanos quickly and the easiest mistake to avoid.

Mark Valderrama, AquariumStoreDepot

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Hard Rule: Check everything for copper before it goes in your tank. Medications, plant fertilizers, tap water additives, even some food products contain trace copper. Amano shrimp cannot survive copper exposure at levels that fish tolerate without problems. One treatment with a copper-based parasite medication can eliminate your entire colony. Test your tap water if you’re on city water or have older copper plumbing. This is the single most preventable cause of Amano shrimp loss.

• Not buying enough. Three to five Amanos in a 20-gallon (75-liter) planted tank looks nice but doesn’t move the algae needle. You need ten or more for meaningful impact. Scale up the number to match the tank size.
• No pre-filter sponge on intakes. Standard filter intakes will catch and kill Amano shrimp. Cover every intake with a sponge pre-filter before adding shrimp to the tank.
• Poor acclimation. Amanos are sensitive to parameter differences between bag water and tank water. Always drip acclimate. Never dump them straight from the bag.
• Overfeeding. In a planted tank with algae, they don’t need supplemental food. Feed them well and they’ll stop cleaning algae. Feed them nothing and they’ll work all day.
• Expecting them to breed. They won’t in freshwater. Plan on buying replacements every few years as individuals age out.
• Low GH water. Very soft water causes molting problems. If you’re on soft municipal water, add a GH booster to maintain adequate calcium and magnesium for shell development.

Should You Get Amano Shrimp?

Good Fit If:

• You have a planted tank with algae problems that need long-term management
• Your tank is mature, cycled, and has stable parameters
• You keep community fish that are small enough to be shrimp-safe
• You’re willing to check all medications and fertilizers for copper content
• You want a highly active, visible invert that earns its place in the tank

Avoid If:

• You keep cichlids, goldfish, or any fish large enough to eat a 2-inch (5 cm) shrimp
• You routinely use copper-based medications for disease treatment
• Your tank is newly set up or has unstable parameters. Amanos don’t handle parameter swings well.
• You’re hoping to breed them. Most hobbyists never successfully breed Amanos, and the brackish larval stage makes it a serious dedicated project.

How It Compares

Amano Shrimp vs. Cherry Shrimp: Choose Amanos if algae control is the priority. Choose Cherry shrimp if color and breeding activity are what you want. Cherry shrimp breed freely in freshwater, come in vivid red and other color morphs, and are more visually striking per individual. Amanos are larger, eat more algae per shrimp, and handle a community tank more confidently. In a dedicated planted aquascape focused on algae management, Amanos win. In a nano shrimp tank where breeding colonies and color are the goal, cherry shrimp win.

Amano Shrimp vs. Nerite Snails: Both are excellent algae eaters with no natural freshwater breeding. Nerites are better at spot-cleaning diatoms and hard algae on glass and hardscapes. Amanos are better at hair algae and biofilm on plants. Many serious planted tank keepers use both together: nerites for the glass and rock surfaces, Amanos for the plants and substrate. They don’t compete and serve complementary roles.

Where to Buy

Amano shrimp are widely available. For the healthiest stock, buy from a specialty aquarium retailer or direct shipper rather than a chain store:

• Flip Aquatics – Healthy, acclimation-ready Amano shrimp from a reputable source
• Dan’s Fish – Specialty freshwater aquarium retailer with quality invertebrate stock

FAQs

Closing Thoughts

Amano shrimp earn their reputation as the best algae eater in the freshwater hobby. In a properly set up planted tank, a group of ten or more working a 30-gallon (114-liter) aquarium is one of the most satisfying things in this hobby to watch. They don’t demand attention. They don’t cause problems. They just work, constantly, all day, on every surface in the tank.

The keys are straightforward: buy more than you think you need, check everything for copper, and drip acclimate when you add them. Get those right and Amano shrimp are genuinely one of the best investments you can make in a planted tank setup.

References

• Yamamoto, Y. and Hori, M. (2006). Taxonomic revision of the Caridina japonica species group. Crustacean Research.
• Stimpson, W. (1860). Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
• Zoological Society of Japan: Breeding biology study of Caridina multidentata. Available at zdw.zoology.or.jp
• Seriously Fish: Caridina multidentata species profile. seriouslyfish.com
• FishBase / Shrimp Database: Caridina multidentata (Stimpson, 1860). fishbase.org